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MSI Unit II > MCM 2-28 Microanatomy of Connective Tissue > Flashcards

MCM 2-28 Microanatomy of Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

definition of connective tissue

functions?

examples?

A

tissue that forms a continuum with the other 3 major tissues to maintain a functionally integrated body

mostly structural. characterized on basis of its ECM

organ capsules, tendons/ligaments, areolar tissue filling spaces, fat, cartilage, bone.

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2
Q

connective tissue develops from

A

embyronic mesenchyme, which forms from embryonic neural crest

embyronic neural crest -> embryonic mesenchyme -> connect tissue

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3
Q

describe mesenchymal appearance

what can they function as in adult tissue?

A

oval nucleus, prominent nucleoli, small amount of cytoplasm

stem cells

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4
Q

if a cell has lots of euchromatin

A

it is replicatively/synthetically active

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5
Q

connective tissue has two components

A

ECM - ground substance, protein fibers, tissue fluid (blood/plasma)

and connective tissue cells (resident and immigrant) CT cells

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6
Q

resident CT cells

A

arise in CT, spend entire life there

create the fibers and ground substance of CT, along with adipocytes

mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, reticular cells, adipocytes

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7
Q

immigrant CT cells

A

arise in hematopoetic bone marrow stem cells, migrate into the CT

macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, leukocytes, eosiniphils (lots of cells from bone marrow)

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8
Q

-cyte?

blast?

A

cyte is a more mature form

blast is a cell that prolfierates and gives rise to other cells

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9
Q

fibroblast appearance

A

euchromatic nucleus, lightly stained

lots of organelles in cytoplasm

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10
Q

fibrocyte role and appearance

A

focused on secretion of collagen and ground substance. no longer proliferating

nucleus is more condensed heterochromatin, not the active euchromatin-like fibroblast.

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11
Q

blasts vs cytes

A

blasts - highly euchromatic nucelus, packed with organelles (golgi, ER) and irregular shaped

cytes - spindle shaped, heterchromatic necleus, fewer organelles, embedded within matrix.

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12
Q

reticular cell role and appearance

A

fibroblast like cells that produce reticular fibers in hematopoietic, lymphoid, and adipose tissue

stellate shaped cells with oval euchromatic nucleus that has prominent nucleolus

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13
Q

adipocytes

A

single lipid dropet that pushes cytoplasm and nucleus to the periohery (signet ring cell).

brown (multilobular) and white (unilobular)

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14
Q

describe macrophages

apperance?

how do we ussualy idenfity?

A

monocytes travel in blood and migrate into CT to form macrophages

smaller than fibroblast, heterochromatic KIDNEY SHAPED nucleus and cytoplasm filled with granules. Dark heterochromatin ring around periphery. lots of lysosomal vacoules

idenfity in animals by injecting trypan blue (colloid dye)

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15
Q

Mast cells

A

largest of CT cells

cytoplasm filled with membrane-bounded basophilic granules that contain heparin, chondriton sulfate, and ECF-A

allergic reactions, found around blood vessels

light colored cytoplasm with darker central nuclues

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16
Q

plasma cells

A

differentiate from antigen stimulated B-cell

large, ovoid cells

eccentric nucleus, abundant RER, “CLOCK FACE” nucleus, clear zone near nucleus contains golig and centrioles

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17
Q

ground substance description

consists of?

functions as?

A

viscous mixture that binds cells to CT fibers

consists of GAGS, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins (lamin and fibronectin)

functions are both structural and physiological - homrones and growth factors have resovoirs in GS

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18
Q

CT fiber types

A

collagen - >50nm fibrils, 1-20 micron fibers. Thickest

Reticular fibers -

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19
Q

describe collagen type 1 (exam q)

A

forms triple helix, when bind to one another, form 64 periodicity. striped. form tendon

most widespread, most abundant protein in the body (90%). resists tension like in tendons

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20
Q

collagen 3

A

forms reticular fibers, flexible meshwork

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21
Q

collagen 2

A

cartilage, resists pressure

22
Q

collagen 4

A

important component of basal lamina

23
Q

collagen 7

A

anchores basement membrane to collagen fibers

24
Q

basal lamina vs basement membranes

A

BL - lamina lucida and lamina densa

bm = basal lamina + reticular fibers

25
Q

Osteogensis Imperfecta

A

single nucleotide change in collagen I gene

produces aortic rupture, fractures

26
Q

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)

A

impaired wound healing, issues with collagen synthesis due to lack of vitamin c

27
Q

Ehlers-Danlos type IV

A

type III collagen problem

aortic/intestinal ruptures

28
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

mutant fibrillin, elastin core can overstretch, danger of blood vessel rupture

29
Q

CT fiber staining

collagen -
reticular -
elastic -

A

collagen - pink in H&E

reticular - pink in H&E, indistinguihsable form collagen without silver stain

elastic - pink in h&e, not distinguishable from collagen without resorcin-fuschin or picro-orcelin

30
Q

Loose areolar CT

found where?

characteristics?

located where?

A

found in intervening spaces

more cellular than dense CT
lots of resident cells
found in lamina propria, mesentary, and pappilary layer of dermis

positioned between tissues to allow movement

31
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

more fibers than cells
fibers interwoven

found in organ capsules, reticular layer of dermis, periosteum

32
Q

Dense Regular CT

longitudinal section?

A

more fibers than cells

fibers in parallel bundles or sheets

tendons, ligaments, cornea

in longitudinal section - nuclei of fibrocytes look like dashes, lots of collagen in one direction

33
Q

describe reticular CT

A

mesh of fibers, stain with silver, filled with lymphocytes

34
Q

adipose tissue

A

CT with special properties

“chickenwire fence”

highly vascular (single file red blood cells)

35
Q

mesenchymal cell to adipoctyte progression

A

mesenchymal cell -> fibroblast or lipoblast

lipoblast -> multiocular adipocyte (brown) or uniocular adipoycte (white)

36
Q

why is brown fat “brown”?

A

packed wtih mitochondria, cytochromes within mitochondria give brown tinge

37
Q

most common CT cell?

A

fibroblasts

38
Q

can serve as stem cells in adult tissue

A

mesenchymal cells

39
Q

vitally stained with tryphan blue

A

macrophages

40
Q

derived from b lymphocytes

A

plasma cells

41
Q

secrete antibody

A

plasma cells

42
Q

often found around venules

A

eosinophils

43
Q

have heparin containing granules

A

mast cells

44
Q

selectively stained by silver

A

reticular fibers

45
Q

allow stretch and recoil of blood vessels

A

elastic fibers

46
Q

composed of type III collagen

A

reticular fibers

47
Q

composed of type I collagen

A

collagen fibers

48
Q

most abundant fiber type in lymphoid tissues

A

reticular, I think.

49
Q

contain the amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine

A

elastic fibers

50
Q

fomr the largest diameter fibers in loose CT

A

collagen fibers

MSI Unit II (46 decks)

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