MCM 2-23 Gut Immunity Flashcards
lamina propria
directly underneath mucousal layer of intestinal tissue. “thin plate” where most effector responses of mucosal immunity occur
skin vs mucosa immunity
SKIN
- pro inflammatory macrophages and dendrites present
- infection results in recruitment of inflammatory cells (granulocytes/monocytes)
- Collateral (immune mediated) damage to tissue. scarring.
- environment where invading organisms are either destroyed or sealed off (Granuloma)
Muscoca
- Many immnune cells (lymphocytes, anti-inflammatory macrophages, dendrites) along with immunoglobulin
- infection results in highly localized inflammation with much less recruitment
- little to no tissue disruption
- environment of evolving adaptive immunity where host and microbe co-exist.
describe mucus
provides a molecular barrier. glycosylated chains that link end to end, glycosylated allows water to bind
mucus binds to antibodies that bind to corresponding antigens. Traps microorganisms inside, carried along tract and expelled from body
describe goblet cells
specialized epithelial cells that produce mucous and sit in epithelium
describe the mucus current
deep crevace between villi are a dead pocket, as goblet cells excrete mucus, the mucus flows out and washes these crypts out
describe membrane bound mucus
membrane bound mucins expressed on surface of epithelial cells and bound to cells themselves.
- Non goblin epithelial cells
- forms dense layer of mucus, prevents microbes from getting to surface
resists penetration
membrane bound vs secreted mucus
membrane bound - thick, dense, protects absorptive epithelium
secreted - excreted by goblet cells, carries bacteria away
paneth cells
paneth cells are deep in the crypts of the duodenum (first segment of small intestine).
produces defensins - small peptides that form pores in microbial membranes. leasds to death if concentration high enough. concentration of defensins increases at the bottom of crypts.
describe how epithelial cells defect infection and respond
intenstinal absorptive epithelial cells can sense inflammation/bacteria infection with Toll-Like receptors
TLR-5 detect bacteria that have penetrated lamina propria. triggers release of short lived inflammatory cyotkiines
special features of intestinal macrophages
still eat and kill microbes
limits collateral damage by not performing respiratory bursts, dont produce cytokines, dont activate T cells
important mucus points
functions as barrier to microbial invasion through physical properties and by binding to antibody
intestinal mucus secreted by goblet cells
membrane bound mucus is produced by enterocytes and forms a dense layer, preventing microbes from reaching epithelium
intestinal epithelial cells recognize…
microbial invasion and can initiate localized inflammation
epithelial cells are turned over…
rapidly, abour every 48 hours, ending inflammatory signaling
mucosal macrophages are ________ but not ___________
phagocytotic but not inflammatory signalign
2 macroscopic anatomical structures that contribute to mucosal immunity
Waldeyers ring - structures around mouth and throat form a ring of lymphatic tissue. all bacteria entering GI and respiratory can interact with IgA
appendix - collects antigen, has lots of lymphoid follicles, allows for surveillance of large intestine microbiota