Mcaullife - Anatomy Of The Lung

Question 1

Which is superior in the lung, pulmonary artery or vein?

Answer 1

Artery

Question 2

What things make indents in the lung?

Answer 2

anterior - arch of azygos, SVC, IVC (maybe heart)

Posterior - aortic arch

Question 3

Embryologically, where do the lungs come from?

Answer 3

They come from a ventral diverticulum coming off of the foregut. This respiratory diverticulum will then divide to form the trachea. The foregut that was left will be the esophagus. From the trachea comes the two lung buds. It can happen that the split never occurs so you have a tracheoesophageal fistula.

Question 4

What is one possible complication of an tracheoesophageal fistula?

Answer 4

Difficulty swallowing, which will cause polyhydromnios. This means that there is too much amniotic fluid.

Question 5

What are some landmarks on the body of important parts of the lung?

Answer 5

Upper 3rd of lung is above clavicle
Sternal angle/sternomanubrial junction is at 2nd rib
Oblique fissure is at 4th rib
Horizontal fissure is at 6th rib
Inferior border of the lung is at 10th rib
Inferior border of pleural sac is at 12th rib

Question 6

What parts of the rib interact with what parts of the vertebral body?

Answer 6

The head of the rib interacts with the body of both the vertebrae above and below. The tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the same number vertebrae.

Question 7

As the lung and chest wall become further apart, does intrapleural pressure become more negative or positive?

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

What are the moments of the ribs?

Answer 8

2-6 –> pump handle movement to increase the anterior-posterior dimension. This is done by external Intercostals
7-10 –> Bucket handle movement to increase the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity. Done by the diaphragm.

Question 9

Nerve Supply to the lungs

Answer 9

Sympathetic - postganglionic thoracic splanchnics that innervates smooth muscle and blood vessels.
Parasympathetic - preganglionic and will innervates small microscopic ganglia along the bronchial tree. Afferents then come back via the vagus nerve - provide feedback on stretch, pressure, and pain in the pulmonary veins.

Question 10

Open vs. tension pneumothorax

Answer 10

Open - hole in the pleural cavity that increas the intrapleural pressure on that side.. Therefore, the mediastinum moves over to the unaffected side and compresses That lung.
Tension - Same issue as before but this time the skin flap will. Close back over on top of the hole during expiration. This is even worse and the trachea will deviate as well as the mediastinum. The unaffected side will be compressed again.

Question 11

Hemothorax

Answer 11

When blood gets into the thorax

Question 12

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

What is the name of this location?

Answer 12

T4-T5

The location of this sight is called the carina

Question 13

What can you find in each bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 13

Tertiary bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

Question 14

Where will a peanut end up if it “goes down the wrong pipe? Standing? Lying down?

Answer 14

Standing - posterior basal bronchus of right lobe

Supine - superior segmental bronchus of right lobe

Question 15

Why do things get. Stuck in the right lobe???

Answer 15

Right primary bronchus is wider in diameter and more vertical.

Question 16

Effects of deep breathing on venous return?

Effects of forced expiration on venous return?

Answer 16

Deep breathing - will cause a decrease in intra-pleural pressure and will allow the veins to become engorged, thus increasing venous return.
Forced expiration - will increase intra-pleural pressure, thus closing veins, and diminishing venous return. If you think about coughing, your veins become distended.