MATTER Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Name the three states of matter and give two examples of each state of matter.
• Solid: Ice, Iron
• Liquid: Water, Oil
• Gas: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
Define the following and give two examples of each: ATOM,MOLECULE,ION
a) Atom: The smallest unit of an element, consisting of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and surrounded by electrons.
Examples:
1. Hydrogen (H) 2. Oxygen (O)
b) Molecule: A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
Examples:
1. Water (H2O) 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Ion: “An ion is a positively or negatively charged particle that forms when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.”
Examples:
1. Sodium ion (Na+) 2. Chloride ion (Cl-)
What are the two types of ions?
- Cations: Ions with a positive charge due to losing electrons.
- Anions: Ions with a negative charge due to gaining electrons.
How is a positive ion formed?
A positive ion (cation) is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
State two differences between atoms and ions:
- Atoms have no electric charge, but ions do.
- Atoms usually have the same number of protons and electrons, but ions do not because they gain or lose electrons.
Name the ion formed when an atom:
a) Gains electrons
b) Loses electrons
a) Gains electrons
Anion: An ion with a negative charge formed when an atom gains electrons.
b) Loses electrons
Cation: An ion with a positive charge formed when an atom loses electrons.
What is an element? Give two examples:
Element: A substance made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Examples:
1. Oxygen (O) 2. Carbon (C)
Name three substances that are:
Solids at room temperature:
Liquids at room temperature:
Gases at room temperature:
Solids at room temperature:
1. Iron 2. Salt (NaCl) 3. Diamond
Liquids at room temperature:
1. Water (H2O) 2. Ethanol (C2H5OH) 3. Mercury (Hg)
Gases at room temperature:
1. Oxygen (O2) 2. Nitrogen (N2) 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is a mixture?
Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are physically combined and can be separated by physical means.
What is a compound?
Compound: A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.
Give three examples of a compound:
- Water (H2O)
2. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
3. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
State four differences between a compound and a mixture:
• Compound: Always has a fixed composition.
• Mixture: Has variable composition.
Compound: Components are chemically bonded.
• Mixture: Components are not chemically bonded.
Compound: Components cannot be separated by physical means.
• Mixture: Components can be separated by physical means.
Compound: Has unique properties distinct from its constituent elements.
• Mixture: Retains properties of its individual components.
State three differences between protons and electrons:
• Protons: Positively charged.
• Electrons: Negatively charged.
• Protons: Found in the nucleus.
• Electrons: Found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus.
Protons: Have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
• Electrons: Have a much smaller mass compared to protons.
What is meant by:
a) Atomic number of an atom:
b) Mass number of an atom
a) Atomic number of an atom:
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determining its element.
b) Mass number of an atom:
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, defining its isotope.
