Mathematics Flashcards
What is math anxiety?
An unpleasant emotional response to math or to the prospect of doing math. Most common in women than men. Starts in middle school. Correlates with high school grades, enjoyment of math, doing well in math, taking HS math.
What are the two causes of math anxiety?
Experience of failure in math and teacher beliefs affect math anxiety.
How to prepare to kindergarten? What are basic pre-math literacy skills?
Number are abstractions (number recognition, measuring, counting, why) and sense of number magnitude.
What are manipulatives?
Mathematics manipulatives refer to concrete material, that is, physical objects students can manipulate to explore and develop and understanding of a mathematical concept. Common manipulatives include chips, geoboards, base 10 blocks, cubes, square tiles, and tangrams
Why use manipulatives to teach math?
To help children learn math by using concrete objects. Experience with manipulatives will help children discover the abstract principles such objects embody. Concrete nature makes them particularly appropriate for kindergartners and young elementary school children.
What are some of the challenges of using manipulatives?
Realistic concrete materials convey superficial information that interferes with learning. Concrete materials can be detrimental to learning even when superficial features are relevant to the target concept. Realistic concrete materials may sometimes do too much of the work for learners.
What is the Dual Representation Hypothesis?
Children must conceive of a manipulative as a representation of a mathematics concept at the same time that they treat it as an object.
What are procedural skills?
The ability to execute action sequences to solve problems.
What are conceptual skills?
Implicit or explicit understanding of the principles that govern a domain and of the interrelations between units of knowledge in a domain.
Most U.S. curricula do not provide enough focus on procedural fluency. True or False?
True. But procedural understanding is just as important as conceptual understanding.
