Language Flashcards
Phonemes
Units of sounds that make up words
Lexicon
Representations of words stored in memory
Phonological (Lexicon)
auditory (what words sound like)
Orthographic (Lexicon)
visual (what words look like)
Semantics
Meanings that correspond to lexical items
Syntax
Grammar - rules for combining words
Prosody
Rhythm and intonation of speech
Articulation
Movements of the mouth and vocal tract for producing speech
Discourse
Linking of sentences into coherent narrative.
What are the SES effects driven by in language development?
Opportunities and exposure, especially at an early age.
What are the essential skills that determine reading achievement? (FAB FIVE)
Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development, reading fluency, text comprehension.
Phonemic awareness
Ability to hear the separate sounds in words, to play with sounds in your language, knowledge of the rules governing phonemes/sounds. Related to phoneme-grapheme correspondence and rhyme sensitivity/understanding.
Phonics
The system of relationships between letters and sounds in language. Phonics is necessary, at least in English.
Effects of Bilingualism
Studying bilingualism can serve as a model to study brain plasticity. It was been shown that bilinguals outperform monolinguals on certain tasks requiring executive control; more apparent in older adults. The onset of dementia is delayed in bilinguals.
