Math Skills Flashcards
What is the equation for magnification?
M = Size of image / Size of real object
What is the equation for Chi-squared?
X^2 = ∑ (0-E)^2 / E
What does the X^2 in the Chi-squared equation represent?
The test statistic
What does the O in the Chi-squared equation represent?
Observed frequencies
What does the E in the Chi-squared equation represent?
Expected frequencies
What is the equation for t-test?
t = x̅1 - x̅2 / √(s1^2/n1)+(s2^2/n2)
x̅1 = mean of first sample x̅2 = mean of second sample S1 = standard deviation of first sample S2 = standard deviation of second sample n1 = number of measurements in first sample n2 = number of measurements in second sample
How do you calculate standard deviation?
SD = √∑(x-x̅)^2/n-1
How would you calculate an index of diversity?
D = N(N-1) / ∑n(n-1)
N = total number of organisms of all species found n = total number of individuals of the species you are interested in found
How would you calculate stroke cardiac output?
Stroke volume x heart rate
What is the equation for the true size of a structure?
T
Equation for percentage change
(final data set - initial data set /
initial data set) x 100
Equation for Q10
Q10 = rate of enzyme activity at T + 10°C/
rate of enzyme activity at T°C
What is the first equation in the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
p + q = 1
p - Frequency of allele A
q - Frequency of allele a
What is the second equation in the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p^2 - Frequency of the genotype AA
2pq - Frequency of genotype Aa
q^2 = Frequency of genotype aa
What does a large value of Chi-squared indicate?
There is a difference between the observed results and the expected results
