Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB > Maternal fetal physiology-Table 1 > Flashcards

Maternal fetal physiology-Table 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the derm changes that happen in pregnancy?

A

—Spider angiomata & palmar erythema (estrogen)
—Acne: ↑ sebum production
—Hyperpigmentation d/t ↑ melanocyte SH/estrogen driven (striae & linea nigra); pigmented nevi
—Scalp hair growth changes
—Vaginal condyloma, varicosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What changes are happening to the breast in the first 8 wks?

A
  • Nipple/areola enlarge & prominent Montgomery tubercles

- Ductal growth & inc’d blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are common breast complaints in pregnancy?

A 
Breast can grow 2 cup sizes
Soreness
Stretch marks
Pruritus
Leaking
Change in size
See veins under skin
Concern about the “bumps”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are eye changes in pregnancy?

A

Blurred vision from thickened cornea, decreased intraocular pressure, and increased fluid retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What changes happen in the thyroid during pregnancy?

A

Gland increases in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does TSH cross the placenta ?

A

No, doesn’t impact fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to thyroid hormones in pregnant?

A

—↑ thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) d/t estrogen
Inc’d TBG production = increase total T3 & T4 - hCG increases in first 12 wks, doubles every 24-48 hrs then levels out
- once this is even you can get accurate read on TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to ACTH and aldosterone in pregnancy?

A

Increase from increased cortisol from estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ptyalism?

A

Women feel like that have excessive salivation for first trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What hormone plays a role on changes in the GI tract?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the GI changes?

A

Increased incidence of gastric reflex, delayed gastric emptying, and prolonged transit time from stomach to cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do women in the later 2-3rd trimester feel their abdomen is itchy?

A

Histamine rxn from the motility slow down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are pregnant women at increased risk for?

A

Cholecytitis and gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is happen to insulin response in pregnancy?

A

Reduced tissue response/insulin d/t HPL effect on tissues plus inhibition liver gluconeogenesis
Pancreas/ beta cell hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does HPL do?

A

increases resistance of peripheral tissues & liver to insulin effects
secretion increases with increased mass of the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why should women not sleep on their backs in the later stages?

A

Femoral venous pressure increases d/t uterine compression inferior vena cava & fetal pressure on iliac veins = supine hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to cardiac output in pregnancy?

A

Increases by 30-50%, uterus receives 2-20% of total output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the heart in pregnancy?

A

Heart shifts left and up and the apex shifts laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the EKG changes in pregnancy?

A

L axis shift due to diaphragm elevation

QRS up in lead I & AVF (vector is based on wave ventricular depolarization toward + skin electrode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in hyperdynamic state?

A

S2 split from increased flow across A-V valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to the blood during pregnancy? What does this put mom at risk for?

A

Hyper-coag state

DVT and PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What factors are increased in the hypercoag state in pregnancy?

A

Increased factors I, VII, VIII, IX, and X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What increases on the CBC in mom?

A

Plasma and RBC volume = dilution effect

TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What decreased in blood labs?

A

Serum iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does lung volume expand in pregnancy?

A

No, lungs are not bigger, just more efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens to tidal volume?

A

Increases d/t inspirational capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens to total lung capacity?

A

Decreases d/t elevated diaphragm and residual volume reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Are moms alkolotic or acidoctic for most of pregnancy?

A

Progesterone driven state of respiratory alkalosis to protect the fetus from excess CO2

29
Q

What happens in maternal resp alkalosis?

A

Dyspnea, hyperventilation and decreased exercise tolerance

30
Q

What are renal changes?

A

Enlarged kidneys
Increased residual volume d/t decreased bladder tone
Decreased bladder capacity
Dec BUN Cr and uric acid

31
Q

What is glucosuria?

A

Increased urinary glucose excretion common d/t higher GFR

32
Q

What happens in the MSK during pregnancy?

A

Increased bone turn over
Decreased total serum calcium and increased PTH
Back pain
Ligament laxity

33
Q

What are common symptoms in pregnancy?

A 
—HA
—Heartburn, constipation, hemorrhoids
—LBP, round ligament pain
---Ankle edema
---Fatigue
---Varicose veins
---Leucorrhea
34
Q

What will tension HA feel like?

A

Band like pressure around the head

35
Q

How are tension HA tx in pregnant women?

A

acetaminophen

36
Q

What happens to migraines in preggo?

A

Typically improve

Can give acetaminophen with or without codeine

37
Q

How can pregnant women try to avoid reflux?

A

—Avoid triggers & ETOH, acidic fruits, caffeine, carbonated drinks
—Take OTC antacids if dietary changes not helpful
—Avoid food 2-3 hours before lying down
—Elevate head to sleep

38
Q

Constipation and hemorrhoids just happen. How can you minimize or prevent?

A

Increase fluid, fiber, and fitness

39
Q

How can you tx pedal edema?

A

Elevate, comfy shoes (jokes) and pregnant belt

40
Q

What hormone is causing fatigue in the 1st trimester?

A

Progesterone

41
Q

Whats the deal with all dat discharge?

A

Nice and white and mucousy and can be until delivery!

42
Q

What should you make sure to check for if a preggo woman comes in with discharge complaints?

A

Make sure it is not vaginitis, std, or amniotic fluid leakage

43
Q

What is umbilical blood flow?

A

combined output both fetal ventricles proportional to fetal growth so umbilical flow is stable

44
Q

What is the role of the placenta?

A

Nutritional and waste removal
Hormone production
Resp and metabolite exchange
Blocks and masks maternal antibodies

45
Q

What are the hormones produced by the placenta?

A

Estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and HPL

46
Q

What does HPL do?

A

↓ maternal insulin sensitivity which raises maternal blood glucose levels d/t decreased maternal glucose utilization
this allows for adequate fetal nutrition & up regulation of pancreas

47
Q

What are the resp and metabolite exchanges?

A

Gas- simple diffusion
Metabolism- glucose with facilitated diffusion
Active transport- amino acids

48
Q

When is the placenta fully formed?

A

10-12 weeks

49
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 5-6?

A

Formation limb buds, neural tube & umbilical cord

50
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 7-8?

A

Ext’l ears, eyes, eyelids & upper lip

51
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 11-12?

A

Bones harden, skin & nails grow, can measure crown-rump length (CRL)

52
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 13-14?

A

Hair growth begins, roof of mouth forms

53
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 19-20?

A

Lanugo covers body, vernix caseosa on skin

54
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 21-22?

A

Taste buds

Bone marrow begins production

55
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 23-26?

A

Eyebrows & eyelashes, wt gain

56
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 27-28?

A

Eyelids unfuse

57
Q

What is developed in the fetus by weeks 33-34?

A

Pupillary responses w/light, lanugo almost gone

58
Q

When is the fetal thyroid gland developed?

A

By the end of the 1st trimester

59
Q

When can you detect FHT with Doppler?

A

12-14wks

60
Q

What is fetal blood flow measuring?

A

Indirect measure of fetal growth and well being

61
Q

When does the fetus have regular chest mvmts with inhalation and exhalation of amniotic fluid?

A

16wks

62
Q

When is surfactant produced? Why is this important?

A

Wk 26 begins better at 28, large quantities at 40
Better lung maturity for fxn and survival
Blood test for surfactant and try to delay delivery

63
Q

When can fetus start to hiccup?

A

38 wks

from amniotic fluid in trachea

64
Q

When does meconium accumulation begin?

A

18 wks

65
Q

At what week is the intestinal meconium formed signaling preparedness for the 1st BM?

A

38 wks

66
Q

When is there amniotic fluid gonadal differentiation?

A

6-8 wks

67
Q

When is the uterus developed in females?

A

19-20wk

68
Q

When do the testes descend into the scrotum?

A

30-34 wks

69
Q

Are male and female differentiation gene triggered?

A

No appears that males need gene trigger but females do not

OB (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions