Common problems of pregnancy-Table 1 Flashcards
Where are the areas most commonly affected by striae (stretch marks) during pregnancy?
Abdomen, thighs, breast
What is raccoon face?
Mask of pregnancy, melasma, cholasma
Hyperpigmentation of skin on forehead, upper lip, and cheeks caused by the steep rise in estrogen levels, which stimulate excess melanin
Should go away
what is PUPPP?
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
Itchy, raised rash most commonly appearing on the abdomen, thighs, arms, and butt
When is PUPPP more common?
Third trimester and in moms carrying multiple fetus’s
What are tx options for PUPPP?
Emollient creams, OTC antihistamine, compress etc
What are tx options for striae?
Creams, laser tx…all kinda depends
What is the rule of 3 in regards to asthma during pregnancy?
1/3 of women… get better, get worse, or stay the same
When should a serial US and antenatal testing be done in pregnant asthmatics?
At >/= 32 weeks to make sure baby is receiving enough O2
If HTN is present before 20 wks GA, is it caused by pregnancy?
NO, most likely chronic HTN and unrelated
What is hypertensive dz of pregnancy and when does is manifest?
Types of htn dz: Preclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome (severe pre-eclampsia)
After 20 wk GA
What is a common maternal arrhythmia? What do you need to rule out if this is present?
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)
r/o underlying pathology vs secondary strenuous exercise
When does peri-partum cardiomyopathy kick in? how long does it last?
Last month through the first 6 mo pp
What are the S/S of peri-partum cardiomyopathy?
fatigue, palpitations, nocturia, ankle edema, DOE, SOB/supine
How is peri-partum cardiomyopathy tx?
Tx the heart failure and hope heart returns to normal size….
Why does physiologic anemia happen in pregnancy?
d/t dilution effect on increasing plasma volume in greater amount than increasing RBC
What is in PN vitamins that helps to prevent iron def anemia?
60-65mg elemental iron
What should you make sure to remind mom about when giving ferrous sulfate tablets?
Black poops!
Why is folate supplementation so important in pregnancy?
To prevent NTD
When does the neural tube form?
5-6weeks GA
What are the types of NTD?
Spina bifida, encephalocele, anencephaly
What is a cyst containing only meninges with an intact neural tube?
Meningocele
What is myeloschisis?
Neural groove open at one or several thoracolumbar levels
What is the dome shaped cyst frequently at the lumbar level that can contain neural, leptomeninges, and glial tissue?
Myelomeningocele
What constitutes spina bifida occulta?
vertebral arches unfused & underdeveloped, vertebral canal is open but meninges & spinal cord in canal, site covered w/skin
What hx might your preggo lady present with if she is being evaluated for materal sickle cell disease?
pre-existent underlying organ dysfunction, prior multiple transfusions, VTE, spleen status, iron storage, acute chest syndrome
What are the fetal risks of maternal sickle cell disease?
utero-placental insufficiency, alloimmunization, asymmetric IUGR, anemia, stillbirth, opioid exposure/withdrawal
How is maternal sickle cell disease managed?
Materal-fetal and hem consutl/specialist
D/C: hydroxyurea, chelating agents and ACEI- cant use these if preggo
Switch to low dose ASA after 1st trimester or LMWH during and post partum if they have a hx of VTE
What should be done if preggo with maternal sickle cell disease has a vaso-occlusive episode?
- O2, opiod analgesia, fluids, and transfusion
What should be drawn monthly in maternal SCD?
Cbc to check ferritin level
What can happen to the tooth enamel during pregnancy?
Erosion from vomit
Use fluoride toothpaste and don’t brush immediately after
Can use 1 tsp baking soda in 8 oz water & rinse = neutralize acid
When does gingivitis occur in preggos?
2-8th mo
What are symptoms of gingivitis?
Bleeding w/brushing, erythema, mild tenderness
What is periodontitis?
Severe gingivitis involving the bone
Tx with abx, deep root scaling
What is a non-tender erythematous smooth/lobular growth at gumline?
Epulis gravidarum , aka pyogenic granuloma
What is the cause of pyogenic granuloma?
Benign Response to irritation from poor oral hygiene, tartar or trauma
When does pyogenic granuloma appear?
> /= 2nd trimester and recurrence is common
What are guidelines for normal weight gain n preggo?
•Normal wt. 25-35 lb •Under wt prior to conception 28-40 lb •Over wt. prior to conception 15-25 lb •Obese 11-20 lb •Twins –Normal wt. 37-54 lb –Over wt. prior to conception 31-50 lb –Obese 25-42 lb
When does morning sickness tend to happen?
Weeks 4-14, peaks weeks 7-12
How can you help adjust things to minimize or help morning sickness?
Small frequent meals, ice chips, ginger, B6, take PN vitamin at might with food or in different form
If severe Doxylamine succinate & B6 (Diclegis)
What are s/s of hyperemesis gravidarum?
Wt loss > 5% pre-pregnancy value
-Protracted vomiting, dehydration, ketonuria
What do you need to r/o with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Appendicitis!
How is hyperemesis gravidarum tx?
IV hydration
If a pregnant woman gets appendicitis, where might the organ displace to?
Upward and laterally
What are symptoms and treatment for cholelithiasis?
F/V, RUQ pain
–Supportive: IV fluids, NG tube, analgesia
–Surgical w/obstruction or acute abdomen
What is Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Build up of bile acids in the liver
What are risk factors for Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Multi-fetal gestations, previous liver damage and or prior IUP with cholestasis
What is often the only symptom in Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Pruritus, esp in hands and feet
What are some other symptoms you should keep an eye out for in suspected Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
dark urine color (like dark brown), light color BM, fatigue or exhaustion, loss of appetite, depression
How is Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy tx? What needs to be monitored in mom?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Monitor: serum bile and LFTs of mom and check non stress test in baby to check fetal HR
What are the most common traumas in pregnancy
MVA and DV/IPV (partner violence)
What are common outcomes of trauma in pregnancy?
Placental abruption, PROM, preterm labor, fetal-maternal hemorrhage, uterine rupture, maternal &/or fetal death
how are traumas managed?
Maternal stabilization and fetal US and electronic monitoring 2-6 hrs post trauma continuing for 24 hrs
How is the Rh status determined and assessed in trauma?
Kleihauer-Betke test