Maternal and Child Health Nursing Flashcards
Care of woman during childbirth; derived from Greek word “obstare” (to keep watch)
Obstetrics
derived from Greek word, “pais” (child)
Pediatrics
Care of childbearing and childrearing families.
Focus of MCN –
Promotion and maintenance of Optimal Family Health.
Primary Goal of MCN
Goals of MCN are broad b/c the scope of practice or range of practice includes the ff
- Preconceptual Health Care
- Care of women during 3 trimesters of pregnancy
1st trimester (1st – 3rd month)
2nd trimester (4th – 6th month)
3rd trimester (7th – 9th month) - Care of women during Puerperium or 4th Trimester (6 weeks after childbirth)
- Care of infants during Perinatal Period (6 weeks before conception and 6 weeks after birth)
- Care of children from birth to adolescence
Neonatal (28 days of life); Infancy (1 – 12 months); Adolescence (after 18 y/o) - Care in settings as varied as the birthing room, the PICU, and the home
assessment must include both family and individual assessment.
MCN is Family Centered;
health of families depends on & influences the health of communities
MCN is Community Centered
because critical knowledge increases
MCN is Evidence Based
because teaching & counselling are major
interventions.
MCN includes independent nursing functions
(protects the rights of family members, including fetus)
. MCN Nurse, Advocate
to protect health of new generation
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
MCN is a
challenging role for nurses
basic unit of society
Family
Framework for MCN
- Nursing Process (ADPIE)
- Evidence Based Practice
- Nursing Research
- Nursing Theory
Educating clients to be aware of good health through teaching and role modelling
Ex. Family planning, teach the importance of safe sex practice, importance of immunizations
Health Promotion
Intervening to maintain health when risk of illness is present
Ex. Encourage prenatal care, importance of safeguarding homes by childproofing it against poisoning
. Health Maintenance
Diagnosing and treating illness using interventions that will return client to wellness fast
Ex. Care of child during illness, care of woman during pregnancy complications
Health Restoration
Preventing further complications from an illness
Bringing client back to an optimal state of wellness
Helping client accept inevitable death
Health Rehabilitation
safeguarding and advancing the interests of clients and their families
Client Advocacy
Fewer family members are present as support people in
times of crisis
Role of Nurse: Fullfill the role
Families are smaller in size
Fewer financial resources esp. woman
Role of Nurse: Inform parents of care options and back –
up opinion
Increased Single Parents
(most common type of parent in US)
Healthcare must be scheduled at times a working parent
can care for her own self or bring a child for care.
Role of Nurse: Discuss selection of child care centers
Increased mothers working outside
home at least part – time (90%)
Good interviewing & health monitoring are necessary so
health database can be established and continuity of care.
Families are more mobile; Increased no.
of homeless women & children
Screening for child or intimate partner abuse; Nurses must
be aware of legal responsibilities for reporting abuse
Child and Intimate Partner Abuse
Provide Health Education
Families are more health consciou
Comprehensive care is necessary in primary care settings
because referral to specialists may no longer be an option;
Health insurance is not available in all families.
Health care should respect cost
containment
no. of births per 1000 population
. Birth Rate
no. of pregnancies per 1000 women of childbearing age
Fertility Rate
no. of fetal deaths weighing more than 500 g or more per 1000 live births
Fetal Death Rate
1st 28 days of life; Infant is called Neonate
No. of deaths per 1000 live births occurring in the 1st 28 days of life.
Neonatal Period –
6 weeks before conception and 6 weeks after childbirth
Perinatal Period
– no. of deaths per 1000 live births in the first 12 months of life.
Infant Mortality Rate
– no. of deaths per 1000 population in children; 1 – 14 y/o
Childhood Mortality rate –
no. of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births that occur as direct result
of reproductive process.
Maternal Mortality Rate
reducing the cost of health by closely monitoring the cost of personnel, use and
brands of supplies, length of hospital stays, no. of procedures carried out, and no. of referrals while
maintaining quality care.
Cost containmen
a more natural childbirth
environment as a birthing room. Family members are invited to stay to be a part of childbirth.
LDRP Rooms (Labor – Delivery – Recovery – Postpartum)
NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) or ICN (Intensive Care Nursery)
PICU (Pediatric Intensive Care Unit)
Increasing Intensive Care Units
– ex. Premature infant transferred to regional hospital
Regionalizing Intensive Care
alternative method of therapies such as
acupuncture and therapeutic touch; herbal remedies
Increasing the Use of Alternative Treatment Modalities
– decreased hospital stay
Increasing Reliance on Home Care
– use of internet, charting in computer, using Doppler
Increasing Use of Technology
women giving birth without health care provider supervision; unassisted birth
Free birthing –
breathing techniques
LAMAS
Legal Considerations of MCN Practice
- Identifying and Reporting Child Abuse
- Child can bring a lawsuit when they reach legal age
- Informed Consent for invasive procedure and any risk that may harm the fetus
- In divorced or blended families, nurse has the right to give consen
Ethical Considerations of Practice
- Conception Issues
In Vitro Fertilization
Embryo Transfer
Cloning
Stem Cell Research
Surrogate Mothers - Abortion
- Fetal Rights vs Rights of the Mother
- Use of Fetal Tissue for Research
- Resuscitation
- No. of procedures or degree of pain that a child should asked to achieve better health
- Balance between modern technology and quality of life.
