Materials of Decoration Flashcards
known as fabric or cloth is a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibres formed by weaving or knitting or pressed into felt.
Textile
refer to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as a bedcover etc.
Cloth
any material made through various processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding
fabric
it is fabrics from 500 BC have been discovered in Egypt
Linen fabrics
related to flexibility
Durability
refer to tensile strength
Tenacity
refer to the fabrics elasticity
Resiliency
fabric absorbs moisture without feeling wet
Hygroscopic
water loving; meaning fabric has special affinity for water, thus absorb moisture readily
Hydrophilic
a fabric’s stretching ability
Elongation
how well will the fabric absorb and/ or retain moisture
Absorbency
basic element of the textile
fiber
is the fine, hair like strand that forms the basis of a yarn
Fiber
long and continuous fibers, usually measured in meter or yards, laid parallel to one another and tightly twisted to produce smooth, strong yarns.
Filament Fibers
short fibers, randomly arranged and loosely twisted, resulting in softer yarns
Staple Fibers
formed by twisting fibers together to create a continuous strand.
Yarn
composed of staple fiber twisted together
spun yarns
composed of continuous strands made from either a spinneret generated synthetic fiber or from silk.
Filament yarns
This is classification of fibers that from animal,plant or mineral sources. Plant and animal based fiber are produced seasonally and are susceptible to the forces of nature, wounds, insects and too much eater or lack of it.
Natural
This is classification of fiber that man made and thoroughly modern, and developed twentieth century.
Synthetic
it is most widely used plant fiber
Cotton
This is a processed version of the fiber made into cloth that resembles satin. And has hydrophobic nature thus making it unfit for towels
Shinny cotton
This term applied on how plant is grown and cultivated. And must meet certain standard and it has to be grown with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides and fertilizers
Organic cotton
This term applied to how the fibers are processed. it is only washed with mild soap and must not be bleached. Although they can be dyed.
Green Cotton
This cotton that has undergone carding, a step in the refinement process of the fiber.
Carded cotton
This is a process for further refinement of the fibers and is done after the carding process, thus it is a higher form than carded cotton
Combed cotton
Also known as Mexican cotton, it is most widely planted species of cotton in the world
Unpland Cotton
It is kind of cotton product, and known to be superior to other products.
Long staple cotton
originated in Peru, but now mainly grown in Peru, Australia and United states.
Pima cotton
what is the well known term of the trademarked brand of this Pima cotton
Supima
Ability to absorb liquids, giving fabrics deeper, brighter and more resistant colors
Egyptian Cotton
It is derived from a seed
kapok
oldest fiber ever woven into fabric.
Flax
a fabric made from flax, is less soft and absorbent than cotton but more resistant to mildew
Linen
fiber which resembles flax, but is made from the stem and stalk of the jute plant which primarily grows in india.
Jute
A fabrics that is often made from jute. It is excellent resistance to microorganism and insects
Burlap
comes from the plant located in the temperate zone. it is a coarse fiber originally used in ropes and sacks, but is now being used by designers in clothing.
Hemp
known as Abaca, derived from Musa textilis plant. It is mainly grown in the Philippines but also found in smaller amounts in Africa, malaysia, indonesia and costa rica
Manila Hemp
East asia plant, it can be spun or woven into a fabrics. Sometimes called china grass or grass linen, ramie is produced from a perennial shrub.
Ramie
1920s Rubber, discovered that latex could be extruded into fiber.
Natural Rubber
originally made from abaca, and even banana fibers but modern ones may also be made with a mix of pina and silk fiber
Jusi
made from the leaves of the Pineapple plant, this fabric is commonly used in the Philippines.
Pina
it is a sheared from domesticated animals, primarily sheep.
wool
This comes from the Merino sheep, mostly found in Australia and New Zealand
Merino Wool
originally found in the Shetland islands in Scotland
Shetland Wool
This is the finest and softest fleece and it comes from a lamb’s first shearing, usually when it is six or seven months old
Lambwool
Term is used for wool that has not yet been previously processed
Virgin wool
This is the regular type of wool and may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken threads and other source
ordinary wool
New wool or felted scraps shredded and then reused
Recycled wool
it is a high quality type of wool yarn and named after the small English village of worstead which was the center for its manufacturing in the 12th century
Worsted wool
from caramel, goat,mohair,alpaca,illama, the vicuna and horsehair
Hair
it is fine type of cashmere and actually is shorn from the undercoat of Himalayan Mountain Goats.
Pashmina
is a Persia word meaning “king of wools”
Shahtoosh
it is a sild-like fabric or yarn, made from the hair of the Angora Goat. it is durable and resilient and notable for its high luster and sheen
Mohair
This is considered the most beautiful of all fibers due to its marvelous, natural luster.
Silk
is the finest cultured silk yarn and is made from the longest filament
Organzine or Thrown silk
uses shorter strands and have less luster and sheen
Tram, spunsilk or Bourette
naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached and has a rougher texture than cultivated silk.
Tussah
silk that comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoons together in an interlocking manner.
Duppion/Dupiopi
Produced from the cocoons of thai silkworms. And considered one of the finest fabrics in the world and it is a product of a unique manufacturing process with the end product coming out with unique patterns and colors
Thai Silk
first synthetic fiber, derived from the pithy sections of plant stalks and in refining, remains almost pure cellulose.
Rayon
called “ poor man’s silk” or “artificial silk” when spun and woven on the silk system
Rayon
both developed by the Celanese corp,. they have similar chemical compositions but they behave differently as fibers
Acetate and Triacetate
compound of cellulose acetate developed by the Celanese Corp in 1924.
Acetate
pure cellulose acetate developed by the Celanese corp in 1954
Tri-acetate
Developed by E.I Dupont de Numours and Co. in 1939
Nylon
Developed by the DuPont Co. in 1950
Acrylic
Developed by the Union Carbide in 1949
Modacrylic
Developed by Hercules Inc in 1961
Olefins
first olefin fiber to reach commercial importance, being used as upholstery for airplane seats for many years
Polyethylene
it is a derivative of coal, air water and petroleum
Polyester
Although glass has been used for centuries, it was not until the mid-1800s that it was first produced in fiber form
Glass-Fiber
Chemical fiber with make up similar to nylon. This fiber outperforms existing synthetics in wash ability,wrinkle resistance and ease of care
Polynude Nylon
used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening. When it is woven with other material, it can be used in curtains drapery fabrics and wall covering
Saran
A manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeatedly starched over 500% without breaking and will still recover to its original length.
Spandex
are marketed under the trade names Nomex and Kevlar
Aramids
a high temperature resistant fiber and is incredibly strong, stronger than comparably sized steel
Kevlar
a synthetic fiber that is very fine, smaller than the diameter of a strand of silk
Microfiber
the matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and heat.
Felting
produced originally in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide die, forming in molds or rolling between rollers
Felting
now utilizes machinery wherein blunt rods or needles are used to form a single continuous yarn into a series of interlocking loops
knitting
what is the old English word of knitting
cnytton
produce a smooth face material; they used in making fine, thin or sheer fabrics
Plain Stitches
produce lines of wales on both sides of the fabric causing the fabric to be very elastic
Rip Stitches
formed by holding one loop on a needle while taking on one or more additional loops and then casting all of them onto another needle
Tuck Stitches
have successive course of stitches drawn to opposite side of the fabric, thereby making it very elastic in the lengthwise direction and quite elastic in the crosswise direction
Purl Stitches
made on a circular machine and produces a tubular fabric without seams
Circular Knit
made with two sets of needle to give a ribbed or corrugated surface to the fabric
Ribbed fabric
fabric is made by having the needle arranged in a straight line
Flat outerwear
fabric is made on a machine with only one set of needle
Flat Underwear
is a fabric knitted with a double stitch on a double needle frame to provide a double thickness that is the same on both sides
Double knit
is a special type of eight lock knit cloth that has a smooth surface on both side
interlock knit
is a plain stitch knitted fabric
knit pile
fabric is known for its high gauge,lightweight,fine texture and appeal in hand
Milanese Knitted
is a knit fabric that has one kind of yarn on the face while another type is found on the back of the goods
Plated
fabric is a versatile fabric that can be made from every type of yarn of any type or fiber in any form
Rachel Knit
is a fabric knitted on a single needle machine
Single Knit
is a type of warp knitted fabric that has a thin texture since it is made from fine yarn
Tricot
is a popular knit fabric with properties that are similar to woven velour
Velour
the interweaving or intertwinning of three or more strands of yarn or other material so that the strand pass over and under one another
Braiding
a fine lightweight expensive straw with a dull finish
Baku
a fine lightweight, glossy straw obtained from unopened palm leaf syems
Balibuntal
a fine braided straw made from special wheat grown in Tuscany that has been cut bleached and worked by hand
Leghorn
a fine closely braided straw
Milan
a fine hand braided, creamy colored Toquilla straw made primarily in Ecuador
Panama
a fine yellow straw woven from the tops of bleached wheat stalks grown in Tuscany
Tuscan
interwinning and sometimes knotting of yarns that run in two or more directions
Twisting
the interlacing of wrap or float and filling or weft yarns usually at right angles on the loom, then turning them into cloth
Weaving
a device used to weave cloth
loom
a type of floor loom that controls the wrap threads using a device called a dobby
Dobby loom
a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801
Jacquard Loom
made by the simple interweaving of warp and weft threads, when each warp yarn passes over then under the weft yarns
Plain Weave
one weft thread passes over each warp thread
Plain single weave
known as a tabby or taffeta weave
Regular Weave
when the warp and weft differ because of the different weight and textures of the yarn due to the fact that novelty yarns vary in appearance
Irregular Weave
two or more weft threads are interlaced into the same number of warp threads
Plain Double or Basket Weave
the weft yarn is heavier than the yarn with the result of a diagonal texture becoming more apparent
Rib Weave
the long threads of floats pass over and under the same number of yarns
Regular twill
the float pass over and under a different number of threads
Irregular
is a weave that emphasizes the continuous weft yarn; with as few interruptions of warp as possible
Satin Weave
a variation made of mercerized cotton.
Sateen
this refer to fabrics that are woven in such a way as to create loops or piles that stand out from the surface of the fabric
Pile Weaves
created by weaving one of the two sets of warp yarns into a plain weave to create a solid back, while lifting the second set of warp yarns by means of a hook to form a loop slightly higher than the backing weave
Velvet Pile
same process used as in the velvet pile, except that the lifted yarns remain uncut
Frise
a decorative fabric made by weaving colored weft threads alternatively over and under the warp threads to form a pictorial or ornamental design
Tapestry
what is the first tapestries (after ancient word for carpets , tapis) a thick heavy texture
Rugs
known in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of the Spanish
The art of tapestry weaving
perfected by Vaucanson in 1757
Swinging loom
was a well known art in Ancient Egypt, china, the near East and Peru
Inlay-Pattern
yarns are added to the fabric during the weaving
Extra Warp and weft pattern Weaves
known to the Peruvians
Double-Cloth Weave
a loose weave in which the warp threads are wound in half twists around each other and around a filter yarn,alternating in position on each row to form a knot to keep the yarn from slipping
Leno
warp threads maintain the same position in relation to the weft
Gauze
are weaves in which uneven tension in either weft or warp yarns produces an uneven surface effect
Tension and Texture related weaves
What is fabrics that are still rough, full of blemishes and impurities. They have to undergo different finishing processes before they can be ready for consumer use.
Grey of greige goods
defined as a process done to fabrics, sometimes to fibers and yarns, causing them to change in appearance,texture and performance
Finish
the kind of finish that lasts until the fabric is washed or dry cleaned
Temporary Finish
this lasts long than temporary but it may become unsatisfactory with the passing of time
Durable Finish
lasts until the garment is of service
Permanent Finish
include those finishes that affect the texture an appearance of the cloth
General Finish
include those finishes that affect the performance of the cloth
Special Finishes
this is common finishing process for linen
Beetling
an example of a fabric from abaca which has undergone beetling
Pinukpok
before the dyeing or printing processes fabrics are require to be what?
Bleached
a finishing process which makes the fabrics smooth and glossy
Calendering
a wool finishing process to prevent creases of other forms or uneven shrinkage in latter stages of finishing
Crabbing
this is finishing process improves the appearance enhance luster and hand of the material
Decating or Decatizing
is usually done on cotton rayon or silk the cloth is wound on a perforated drum, between layers of a blanket, than steam passes through from the inside to the outside layers
Dry Decating Process
the cloth is wound on a roller and treated in a hot water or steam boiler which is also has vacuum system
Wet Decating Process
important finish applied to wool fabrics
Fulling
discovered by John Mercer
Mercerizing
purpose of removing the fuzz of protruding fibers
Singeing or Gassing
other term for starching
Sizeing or Dressing
The cloth is filled with starch to increase strength , smoothness,stiffness or weight of the fabrics
Sizeing or Dressing
This process straightens and restores the cloth to its proper dimensions
Tentering,stentering or Heat-setting
Chemical treatment designed to make a fabric bacteria resistant
Antiseptic Finish
is a familiar trade name in the market today for an antiseptic finish and ready to wear clothing items
Sanitized of Sanitized, Inc
chemical treatment applied to synthetic fabrics to prevent the accumulation of static electricity
Anti-Static Fabric
applied mostly on fabrics from such fibers as cotton,linen,ramie, and rayon.
crease resistant finishes
Only mineral, asbestos, glass, or metal substances are really fireproof. Textile fabrics cannot be made absolutely fireproof.
Flame Retardant Finish
Glazed surface may be obtained through chemical and mechanical means. Resin-treated fabrics have greater durability than mechanically achieved glazed surfaces.
Glazed Finish
This is also called Insulated Finish
Heat-Reflectant Finish
This type of finish makes a fabric suitable for either hot or cold weather. Metallic particles are bonded to a drapery or garment lining fabrics of various types of construction.
Heat-Reflectant Finish
This is a chemical finish given mostly to rayon, cotton and linen fabrics which are mostly susceptible to attack by mildew in moist and humid conditions or climates. The finish is applied to a fabric to prevent the growth of mildew and mold.
Mildew-Resistant Finish
Sometimes referred to as moth-proofing finish. It is a chemical finish especially for wool fabrics to make them resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles.
Moth-Resistant Finish
It is a mechanical finish of subjecting the surface of a fabric to a brushing process to raise the fiber ends thus creating a surface fuzziness.
Napping
It is a typical example of a napped fabric. Fabrics may be napped on one side only or on both sides which gives greater surface density, increased firmness and greater warmth,
Flannelette
In the textile mill, relaxation shrinkage is eliminated by overfeeding a fabric onto a dyeing frame and applying stretch in the crosswise direction of the fabric or applying controlled compression forces parallel to the surface of the fabric, pushing together the warp yarns, thus releasing the weaving strains.
Shrink-Resistant Finish (Mechanical Method)
label or mark applied to cotton or linen fabrics indicates a mechanical shrink-resistant finish that has met standard of less than 1% shrinkage
Sanforized
This finish is given to loosely constructed fabrics or fabrics with low thread count, It prevents the warp yarns from slipping along the filling yarns.
Slip-Resistant Finish
These are chemical finishes usually given to rug and upholstery fabrics to repel soil and stain.
Soil- and Stain-Resistant Finish
It is the compound used for this type of this soil and resistant finish.
Silicone
A group of repellents were developed to repel not only water-borne but also oil-borne stains.
Fluorocarbon compounds
This finish is also referred to as the drip-dry finish. It is of the same type as the crease-resistant finish.
Wash and Wear of Minicare Finish
A chemical finish which makes a fabric resistant to wetting but not waterproof.
Water-Repellent Finish
Unlike repellency, waterproofing totally coats the fabric thus closing the pores and enabling it to shed water under all pressures.
Waterproof Finish
are soluble substances which penetrate into the fabric and are fixed by a chemical action, heat or other treatment.
Dyes
are insoluble color particles which are held on the surface of a fabric by a binding agent.
Pigment
colored water-soluble organic compounds, mainly salts of sulphuric acid.
Acid Dyes
are the oldest among the artificial dyes and they differ from acid dyes in that they are basic in character and have the power of neutralizing acid.
Basic Dyes
These dyes form a very important group of coloring matters since they will color both protein and cellulosic fibers.
Direct of Salt Dyes
Direct dyes for cotton, linen, viscose and cuprammonium rayon are known as
Direct cotton dyes
formerly called acetate dyes. they were originally developed for acetate fibers.
Disperse Dyes
used for cotton, linen and viscose rayon.
Developed Dyes
The color is developed by additional treatment, which also makes the dye fast to washing. But developed dyes are not fast to light. As these dyes do not bleed, they are called
Tub-Fast Colors
These are water-soluble organic dyes which have affinity for cellulose in an alkaline bath.
Reactive Dyes
are used for cotton and viscose rayon.
Sulphur Dyes
are the fastest dyes for cotton, linen and viscose and cuprammonium rayon.
Vat Dyes
some of the man-made fibers may be dyed in a solution before filament is formed. This process results in excellent colorfastness, but it does not leave the manufacturer the same flexibility for the final design if the final choice of color or design is made later in the manufacturing process.
Solution Dye
are dyed before the yarns are spun and woven into a fabric.
Fiber Dye (or Stock Dye)
are dyed before they are woven into checks, plaids, stripes or herringbone designs.
Yarn Dye
Cloth is dyed after fabrication. Also known as dip-dyeing.
Piece Dye
the open fabric passes back and forth through a stationary dye bath.
Jig Dyeing
the fabric is continuously immersed without strain to the fabric.
Winch, Reel or Beck Dyeing
the fabric is run through the dye bath and then between rollers which squeeze the dye deeper into the yarns of the fabric.
Pad Dyeing
Fabric of two or more fibers is placed in a dye bath containing two or more different dyes. Each fiber will be dyed by the dye for which it has an affinity.
Cross Dye
Fabric from one fiber is dyed one color.
Solid Dye
This technique mixes dyes for fabrics made from two or more fibers so that the fibers will dye the same color.
Union Dye
produced in the process of making the fabric.
Structural Designs
placed on the fabrics after they have been made.
Applied Designs
is done to add colors and designs to the fabric surface, making the fabric more appealing to the consumers
Printing
this is the oldest method of printing design in fabrics
Block Printing
the design is cut on a cardboard,wood or metal, color id then applied
Stencil Printing
acid is use for this printing. It is one of the fiber used in the fabric is burned, leaving a lacy or shear and heavy design
Burn-Out Printing
the color is discharged or removed from the fabric , thus creating a design
Discharge or Extract Printing
also known as Cylinder Printing
Roller Printing
machine counterpart of hand-block printing
Roller Printing
a design which appears on the face and back of the fabric, simulating a woven pattern
Duplex Printing
a resinous substance cannot be penetrated when the fabric is immersed in a dye bath
Resist Printing
is stamped on the fabric creating a design
Resist Printing
First used in Indonesia and an example of Resist Printing
Batik Printing
The fabric to be printed is covered with chemicals that are sensitive to light
Photo Printing
The fabric passes between rollers which permit a caustic solution to contract certain areas of the fabric
Plisse Printing
usually use with the use of roller before they are woven into a fabric
Warp Printing
it can create large design with elaborate effect and variety in color
Screen Printing
The screen is put on top of the fabric to be printed and the dye or printing paste is sprayed, painted or rubbed back and forth with a rubber paddle called?
squeegee
it uses a cylindrical screen that rotates in a fixed position
Rotary Printing
is the process of transferring prints from pre-printed release papers to fabrics
Transfer Printing
is simplest method of fabric designing. It is by painting color directly to the cloth with the use of a brush
Free-Hand Printing
This is applying one piece of fabric to a larger piece of material
Applique’
are raised design found on the surface of the fabric
Embossed Design
what do you called a tiny piece of fiber?
Flock
made to stick to the fabric
Flocked Design
are cut out design held to the fabric surface by the use of glue or an adhesive
Glued or Pasted Design
often referred to as having a “watered appearance”
Moire Design
is processed animal skin, mostly that of cattle
Leather
the skin of a fully grown cow.Such skin are large hides, ranging from 46.6sq m to 5.5sq m
Cattle Hide
the center portion of the hide is called?
Bend
is the hide of a young animal and is considerably smaller, about 2.3sq m to 3.2sq m
Calfskin
sometimes called full-top-grain leather
Full-Grain leather
Kind of leather where surface has not been sanded, buffed, snuffed,embossed or altered in
Full-Grain leather
This is the second highest quality. Where the split is layer is separated away
Top-Grain Leather
The imperfections are sanded off and an artificial grain is then impressed into the surface and dressed with stain and dyes
Corrected-Grain Leather
this is created from the fibrous part of the hide that is left, once the top-grain has been separated
Split Leather
refer to the leather that has undergone a type of tanning process that uses animal brains or other fatty material to alter it.
Buckskin or Brained leather
is a type of leather that has been given a high gloss finish
Patent Leather
known as stingray skin/leather. Used in furniture production, since the art deco periods
Shagreen
this is leather from the skin of unborn calves. Particularly soft and is highly valued
Slink
known as “reconstituted leather” composed of 90% to 100% leather fiber,bonded together with latex binder to create a look and feel similar to that leather but only a fraction of the cost
Bonded Leather
a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface and then embossed
Bycast leather
used to preserve the hide. It puts the life back into the leather hid by replacing the natural gelatinous material found in the skin
Tanning
Tanning solution based on chromium salts
Mineral tanning
tree bark, typically oak and water form the basis of this tanning solution
Vegetable tanning
a hide that is quite supple with a limited acceptance of dyes
Combination tanning
can color the leather and help to protect it from hard wear
Finishing
They are translucent and comparable to stains for wood that do not contain opaque pigments
Aniline Dyes
This contain some pigments and use of this help to ensure uniformly in color
Semi-Aniline Dyes
a natural textile made from the pulp of the bamboo grass
Bamboo Fabric
cotton fabric with a printed design of white and a contrasting color
Bandana
a rib weave usually done in a minute brick fashion, giving a pebbly appearance
Barathea
fabric made from or created to stimulate the bark of trees
Bark Cloth
a cord cotton like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction
Bedford cord
a sturdy warp faced fabric with pronounced cross wise ribs formed by bulky and coarse pile yarns or rubber thread
Bengaline
this is made when the yarn that is knitted into fabric is brushed with wire brushes to pull the material together and to fluff it up
Berber Fleece
has a small geometric pattern with a center do resembling a bird’s eye
Birdseye
two or more fabric layers held together with adhesive or fusible layer
Bonded
is the french word for “buckled”, ringed or curled
Bouncle
a twill weave that originated in France. The yarns are interspersed with nubs giving the material a dull rubbed surface effect
Bourette
a tightly woven plain weave with crosswise rib
Broadcloth
a rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all over interwoven design of raised figures of flowers with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors all are done in low relief
Brocade
a tightly woven jacquard fabric with a warp effect in the figure which is raised to give a puffed appearance
Brocatelle
a ply yarn scrim fabric with a stiff finish
Buckram
a twill weave cotton denim fabric that is soft but tough as nails
Bull Denim
a plain weave coarse fabric usually made from jute or hemp
Burlap or Gunny
a plain closely woven inexpensive cloth with an all over print usually of a small floral pattern which is discharge or resist printed onto a white or contrasting background color
Calico
a soft white closely woven cotton fabric calendered on the right side to produce a slight gloss
Cambric
The face is twill with a soft and loosely twisted filling yarn which is later brushed to produce a soft nap at the back
Canton Flannel
has a even weave that is heavy and firm for industrial or heavy duty purposes
Canvas
one of the softest fabric made
Challis
a plain weave fabric most commonly made from cotton fiber with colored warp often blue and white filling that gives a mottled colored surface
Chambray
a fabric woven from chenille yarns and has a fuzzy pile. it is named from french word meaning “caterpillar”
Chenille
broken twill or herringbone weave giving a chevron effect creating a design of wide V’s across the width of the fabric
Chevron
a thin diaphanous or gauzelike soft flimsy fabric but is strong despite its filmy look
Chiffon
a glazed cotton fabric often printed with bright figures and large flower designs
Chintz
It was named from Hindu word meaning Spotted
Chintz
an unglazed chintz is called?
Cretonne
fabric with a lacquer,varnish,rubber,plastic resin of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene or other substance to make them longer lasting or impervious to water or other liquids
Coated
a cut pile cloth with narrow to wide wale that run in the warp direction of the goods
Corduroy
a lightweight fabric characterized by a crinkly surface produced by hard twist yarns chemical treatment, weave or embossing
Crepe
chain stitch embroidery made with a fine loosely twisted two-ply worsted yarn on a plain weave cotton fabric
Crewel
a fabric with an uneven surface created by use of caustic soda that causes it to shrink unevenly
Crinkle
is an example of crinkle crepe fabric
Plisse
a lightweight , plain weave stiffened fabric with a low yarn count
Crinoline
any fabric that has treated so as to have a permanently crinkled, crushed or rumpled appearance
Crushed
any velvet with an irregular pattern or nap going in different direction
Crushed velvet
appearance looks very lustrous
Crushed or rumpled
a firm glossy jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and reversible
Damask
a rugged serviceable, staple cotton cloth recognized by left hand twill on the surface
Denim
a thin sheer cloth in which cords or stripes may be woven into the fabric
Dimity
a sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color
Dotted swiss
a closely woven heavy material and the most durable fabric made, according to the textile industry
Duck
a ribbed cloth with a crosswise rib effect
Faille
a compact matted woolen material.
Felt
The name derived from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning to filter
Felt
printed or woven fabric featuring a jagged undulating, flame like, multi-colored pattern
Flame Stitch
a medium weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typically made from cotton, a cotton blend or wool
Flannel
a medium weight, plain weave fabric with a soft hand usually made from cotton
Flannelette
a type of raised decoration applied to the surface of the fabric on which an adhesive is printed on the fabric in a specific pattern
Flocked
is a high gloss mylar usually in metallic colors that pulls away from the clear backing
Foil
a lightweight cloth noted for its soft finish and feel
Foulard
generally made with uncut loops but is sometimes styled by sheering the loops at varying heights
Frieze
is a firm durable compactly woven cloth which shows a diagonal line on the face of the goods
Gabardine
a thin sheer fabric constructed with plain, leno or dobby weave used for curtains
Gauze
has dyed yarns introduced at given intervals in both warp and filling to achieved a block or check effect
Gingham
Name is derived from italian “Ging-gang” meaning “striped”
Gingham
a fine loosely woven fabric in leno weave and well known for its stiffness
Grenadine
a strong closely woven corded fabric usually of silk or rayon and often with cotton fiber, it is a heavy rather prominent ribbed fabric made from plain or rib weave
Grossgrain
from the Japanese for soft as down. It is a lightweight, plain weave silk fabric. Lighter than shantung
Habotal
woven, multi-colored effect created by blending fibers of different colors
Heather
a very stiff, wiry cloth made with a single horsehair filling usually on a cotton warp
Haircloth
broken twill weave composed of vertical sections that are alternately right hand in direction
Herringbone
herringbone is also called as?
Arrowhead weave
broken twill weave forming four pointed star. it always comes in a duotone pattern , and often comes in black and white
Houndstooth
a style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create pattern or design
Ikat
fabric woven with yarn of one color in the warp and another color in the filling so that the fabric seems to change color as the light strikes it
Irridescent
a fabric which has a series of faint stripes formed by light,medium or dark yarns
Jaspe
a fabric in which metallic threads or yarns are interspersed throughout or used in the base construction
Lame’
The term comes from french for “worked with gold and silver wire”
Lame’
a term used to describe fabrics which have been joined together through the use of a high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabrics between two piles of flexible thermoplastic film
Laminated
a light, thin cloth of plain weave with a crisp and crease-resistant finish
Lawn
known its semi transparency , ranging from gauzy or sheer to an almost opaque effect
Lawn
Name is derived from loan, a city in France
Lawn
a jacquard stripe fabric simulating silk and embroidery
Lisserie
a fine firm cotton cloth with plain weave background. it usually striped or plaid in color
Madras
a soft double cloth which has a quilted surface effect and is woven on Jacquard looms
Matelasse
term is derived from the french word meaning “cushioned or padded”
Matelasse
a heavily felted, hard, plain face-finished cloth.It is napped and very closely sheared
Melton
Characterized by its net like open appearance and the spaces between the yarns.
Mesh
is available in a variety of construction including woven,knits,laces or crocheted fabric
Mesh
made of very coarse yarn and is rough, substantial rather bulky fabric with a tendency to sag
Monk’s Cloth
a generic term for a variety of cotton fabric. French term is mousseline and is actually a smooth,delicately woven cotton fabric
Muslin
a fine soft fabric with a plain weave with a strip and often mercerized to produce luster
Nainsook
a smooth transparent, high textured fabric made in plain or novelty weaves
Ninon
Ninon described as very delicate and lightweight and sometimes referred to as?
French Tergal
a soft white,closely woven cotton fabric . It is the sheerest and crispest cotton cloth made and when made from silk it is called “organza”
Organdie
a tough medium to heavyweight coarsely woven plain weave fabric usually made of a cotton or cotton/poly blend
Osnaburg
a tightly woven plain weave ribbed fabric with a hard slightly lustered surface
Ottoman
a soft somewhat porous , rather stout fabric with a silk-like luster finish.it launders very well but it known to soil easily
Oxford
named from french word for “plush” and is a satin faced material made with a high luster by a roller-pressure treatment during finishing
Panne
a medium weight, plain weave, low to medium count cotton like fabric. End uses include sheets, blouses and dresses
Percale
a medium weight or heavy fabric with raised cords that run in the warp direction
Pique
Used in many polo shirts and is generally distinguished as a?
Waffle weave
a fabric treated in a stripped motif or in spot formation with a caustic soda solution that shrinks parts of the goods to provide the crinkled or pleated effect
Plisse’
mainly cotton sometimes silk a leno, gauze, knotted or mesh woven fabric. it is made in France in 1834
Point D’esprit
a warp pile cloth covered with a surface of cut-pile yarns
Plush
combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high luster surface finish
Polished Cotton
was originally thin, natural , tan colored silk fabric made of wild chinese silk with a knotty rough weave
Pongee
Named from Chinese, pun-ki meaning “woven at home on one’s own loom”
Pongee
identified by a fine rib effect in the filling direction from selvage to selvage .
Poplin
Term is derived from the obsolete French term “papeline”
Poplin
is similar to poplin but has a more distinctive cross-rib cord. Used for upholstery and drapery
Rep
plain weave fabric where the majority of the fabric face is composed of warp threads
sail cloth
fabric made from yarns with low luster such as cotton or other staple length fibers
sateen
has a very smooth, lustrous face effect while the back of the material is dull
Satin
The name is originated in Zayfun, China ; it was termed after the latin “Seta” meaning Silk
Satin
originally a high grade coating fabric made from wool of Merino sheep raised in Saxony, Germany
Saxony
an open mesh , plain weave cloth in several construction and weights and usually used in buckram
Scrim
a lightweight cloth in which a base lies flat and a second warp becomes crinkled because of chemical treatment
Seersucker
woven cloth with errors of flaws
seconds
one of the oldest basic terms in textile. It has diagonal lines or ridges on both side
Serge
it uses raw silk made from Tussah. a silk fabric made of several fibers but designated by an elongated slub filling yarn. It was named for the city of Shantung, China
Shantung
made from a small twill weave and has a smooth compact surface resembling the skin of a shark
Sharkskin
a plain weave corded or combed cloth which comes in light,medium or heavy weights
Sheeting
a lightweight fabric made of two different colored yarns. The fabric has an iridescent look and a crisp but not stiff hand
Shimmer
fabric originated in Germany and Austria and were developed to provide greater freedom of body movement for the athlete
Stretch Woven
a soft,twill woven silk or rayon fabric often made in plaid effects. It is soft and flexible, lightweight and lustrous
Surah
a fine sheer, crisp stiff cloth which may be plain dotted or figured
swiss
a fine plain weave fabric, smooth on both sides and usually with sheen on its surface
Taffeta
a cloth made in plain weave or in a two up down twill weave. This multicolored fabric may be conventional or exceptional when made in variations of color effects
Tartan
This fabric is originated in Spain and called tiritana
Tartan
has uncut loops on both side of the fabric. It is very absorbent; the longer the loops, the greater the absorbency
Terry Cloth
broad term for extremely strong woven fabric which are used as a covering for pillows mattresses and box springs, home furnishings and for clothes and sports clothes
Ticking
made from 100% micro fiber polyester and cotton. It is also considered a utility cloth and used for table cloths, chair cloth, uniform and flags/banners
Trigger
a rough,irregular, soft and flexible,unfinished, shaggy cloth. Named for the Tweed River which separates England from Scotland
Tweed
is worlds first ultra microfiber. It feels like natural suede, but is is resistant to stains and discoloration; it can be machine washed and because it is non-woven fabric
Ultrasuede
a term loosely applied to cut pile cloths in general. a Fine raised finish fabrics
Velour
Term is from french meaning velvet and although it resemble velvet it has a lower cut pile
Velour
a warp pile cloth in which a succession of rows short cut pile stand so close together as to give a uniform, even surface
Velvet
when pile is more than 1/8 it is already called what?
Plush
a filling pile cloth in which the pile is made by cutting an extra set of filling yarns, usually made of cotton
Velveteen
a crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton like fabric made with high twist yarns in a high yarn count construction
voile
a fabric with a characteristic honeycomb weave. When made in cotton it is called “waffle pique”
waffle
refer to fabric that have been laundered before shipping. Done to reduce shrinkage, soften the hand, wash down the color or to give the fabric a used, launched look
washed
is a cloth made from cross bred yarns and the fabric is strongly colored
Zibeline
ability of a fabric to take in moisture
Absorbency
a design featuring interlinking diamond shapes of varying colors, in a diagonal checkerboard pattern
Argyle
a small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs or the head or cushions of a sofa to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric
antimacassar
thin layer of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushion,pillow,quilts or crafts
Batting
custom handmade or manufactured material used on a bed for utilitarian or decorative purpose
Bedding
square panel of fabric with or without elastic edge used to encase the top mattress on a bed
Bed Sheet
fabric bedding treatment, which spans between the upper and lower mattress beginning beneath a comforter to touch the floor
Bed skirt
fabric bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress
Bedspread
cut from one corner of a fabric to the opposite, diagonal corner. Some fabric will drape differently when cut on the bias and this treatment can require substantially more yardage
Bias-Cut
The removal of excess knots,bumps,loose threads and slubs from a fabric before the finishing process, by means of a burling iron or tweezers
Burling
quilt made of many, many small patches where each piece is a different fabric
Charm Quilt
painted linens that originated in Chita in 17th century
Chite
series of clipping attached to a purchase sample to show the color line
Color Mag
refer to the complete color range of a given series
Color Line
individual color of a particular style or pattern
Color way
waviness or curvature of fiber or yarn. Can be found naturally, as with wool, or can be mechanically produced.
Crimp
rubbing off of color from woven or printed fabric
Crocking
tightly woven or coated fabric used to prevent down feathers from penetrating surface
Down proof
Fabric with patterned cut-outs
eyelet
refer to the ability of a fiber or fabric to return to its original length, shape,size immediately after the removal of stress
Elasticity
calendering process, in which the fabric engraved with the use of heated rollers under pressure to produce a raised design on the fabric surface
Embossing
embellisment of a fabric or garment in which colored threads are sewn on the fabric to create design
Embroidery
a thin piece of material put under another material to add color or brilliance
Foil
is a layer of fabric inserted between the face and the lining of a garment,drapery or quilt. It is similar to batting, a thick layer of fiber designed to provide insulation,loft and body to quilt,pillow toppers and heavy winter jackets
Interlining
originally a type of English embroidery with a strong oriental influence of the first type done during the Restoration period
Jacobean
fabric made in the same shape as the outer fabric, a lining supports and protects the outer fabric and hides seams as well
Lining
fabric construction created in weft yarns with graduated or shaded tone or color pattern
Ombre
continuous filament rayon yarn with entangled slubs
Ondelette
hand quilting technique where stitches follow printed motifs on fabric
Outline Quilting
fabric or material used to provide additional cushioning
Padding
Intricate interlocking curvilinear pattern originating in India, it is a tear-drop shaped,fancy printed pattern
Paisley
fine silk fabric
Peau De Soie
fine hand stitched needlepoint design on canvas created with only one foundation thread, rather than multiple threads
Petit Point
the number of filling yarns per inch of fabric
Pick Count
to form undesirable clumps of loose fiber of fabric
Pill
fiber filament that break in yarn due to friction leaving small undesirable clumps of loose fibers on the surface of fabric
Pilling
fabric cover designed to protect pillow from soiling,utilitarian or decorative
Pillow Sham
combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to to produce a high-luster surface finish
Polished cotton
is a fabric construction in which a layer of down or fiberfill is placed between two layers of fabric and then held in place by stitching or sealing in a regular consistent all over pattern on the goods
Quilt
to turn fabric where selvages run horizontally rather than vertically often used when fabric are non-directional to avoid unwanted seams
Railroaded
dye-resistant product are applied which results in only the background or a fabric being dyed
Reverse Printing
decorative covering for bed pillow
Sham
french word for “Monkey Trick”, Decorative using monkeys in human costume,generally in humorous situation popular in Rococo ornamentation
Singeries
large panel of fabric usually in pairs used on top or bed
Sheet
cloth having a fine, irregular streaked pattern
Strie
slender , decorative cloth typically used in lengthwise down the center of a dining table, for surface protection and embellishment
Table Runner
small decorative spread or coverlet often woven with fringe
Throw
cotton or linen woven or printed documentary fabric, typically printed in monotone color on an off-white or white background, originally made in France
Toile
fabrics printed in one color with 18th and century scenes
Toile de Jouy
blended yarns of twisted linen and cotton yarns in the filler creating a textured surface finish
Union Cloth
material used to make soft seating including wood or metal frames eight way hand-tied spring, foam, batting, fabrics and cording
Upholstery
rayon fiber of superior quality used in many decorative fabrics, often used to imitate silk
Viscose
a tapestry, needlepoint or bound fabric panel hung on the wall, typically suspended from an iron drapery rod and adorned with cording and tassels
Wall Hanging
fabric procedure using commercial washing machines to mimic a worn effect
Washed Goods
Derived from the Old Norse word for wind, ‘vindr’ combined with the word for eye ‘auga’ to make “vindauga” literally translated to the eye of the house through which wind entered
Window
Four vital functions of windows
To admit light, admit air/ ventilation, to protect from outside elements, to frame or admit visual beauty of the exterior
Window with two sashes, one or both slide up and down
Double Hung window
Window with one or more sashes hinged on a vertical edge. The kind which opens from the side
Casement window
Most often, a wide window set high off the floor. Usually has sliding sashes and common to ranch type houses
Ranch or Strip windows
Has wide, horizontal sashes that open outward to any angle, can be left open when its raining
Awning window
Identified by narrow, horizontal strips of glass that open by means of a crank to any desired angle
Jalousie window
Window designed to frame the outside view. Fixed or may have movable sections
Picture Window
Usually a small window projecting from the house in an alcove-like extension of the room
Dormer window
Often called “cathedral” window. Main characteristic is the angle at top where the window follows the line of a slanting roof
Slanting window
Three or more windows set at an angle to each other in a recessed area
Bay window
A curved window sometimes called a circular bay
Bow window
Side by side windows; if more than one, often called multiple windows
Double windows
Come in pairs and often open into a porch or patio
French doors/ French windows
Any window that comes together in the corner of a room
Corner windows
Functional version of french doors.
Sliding glass doors
Shallow window set near the ceiling
Clerestory window
Arched top window with straight panes below the arch
Palladian window
Usually a group of basic window units made to fit together forming a veritable “wall” of windows
Glass wall
Six benefits of using window treatments
Privacy, energy conservation, light control, view enhancement, acoustics and noise control, aesthetics
Used to accent open, airy feeling in today’s homes. Made of very thin fabric and nearest to glass when at least two sets of curtains are used. Provide maximum amount of light but least amount of privacy
Sheers
Treatments that diffuse light for little privacy. During the day, people will not be able to see in the room but at night, when interior lights are open, they will be able to do so.
Semi-sheers
Provide partial blockage of light when curtains are closed. At night, you can only see shadows on the inside from outside
Semi-opaque
For the person who needs privacy and maximum light blocking. Include most hard window treatments and lined curtain
Opaque
Term which includes draperies, curtains and shades that are purely made of fabric
Soft window treatments
Uses a thick kind of fabric and is made with pleats. Decorative, for privacy and elimination of light. Usually lined.
Draperies
Stationary draperies used on either side of the window with other window treatments between them. Can be left straight or tied back
Overdrapes
Pleated panels that can be pulled across window. Uses a traverse rod, master carrier and pull cords. Operate or draw by opening and closing with a cord or hand. Generally hung straight to the floor and tied back
Draw draperies
Generally shirred or smocked and have headings attached to rods. Usually a term for informal window treatments
Curtains
Impart a homey, country feel to a room. Short in length, each about 1/2 height of the window in which they are hung. For kitchens or bathrooms.
Tiers
Invention of a French Restaurer. Used to allow seated patrons privacy beside window while allowing passerby a glimpse of within. Only lower portion is covered
Cafe curtain
Sometimes known as brise-bise which means “wind screen”. Curtain is gathered and hung with two rods top and bottom, cannot be drawn or traversed. Usually installed in casement windows or French doors
Stretch or sash curtains
Similar to stretch curtains but permanently tied with a tie back in the middle. Generally sheer.
Hourglass curtain
Curtains designed to be gathered at the side of the window and held by a decorative tieback, sleeve or cord
Tieback curtains
Aka Casement Curtains. Top, usually shirred forms a pocket through which fabric is then threaded onto a pole or rod
Rod pocket curtains
Rod pocket curtains with extra length so that sides can be gathered with tiebacks to create multiple poufs and often puddle on the ground
Bishop’s sleeve
Curtains that hang behind main curtains
Under curtains
Window treatment generally drawn up from the bottom
Fabric shades
Fabric covered shades of horizontal panels with wooden slats inserted horizontally at intervals down its entire length. Raised and lowered by pull cords while gathering soft folds while it does so
Roman shades
Vertical shirring that forms soft draping scallops generally made of sheer or lightweight fabrics
Austrian shade
Made of soft fabric with cords placed vertically along the shade to hold the fabric. With deep inverted pleats that cause the shade to billow out into puffs along the bottom edge
Balloon shade
Aka panel track blinds. Mounted on wall or ceiling. Large fabric panels that slide back and forth on a track with the ability to stack completely.
Sliding Panels
Finished bottom edges of the drapery. Usually the 4” of double fabric, however some have 5-6” to weigh them down.
Hems
At top of draperies
Header
Highlight the decorative hardware used to hang them. Loops of separate fabric sewn onto unpleated, flat drapery while a round rod slides through the loops.
Looped/ tab-top headers
Small strips of fabric attached to the head of the fabric and are used to tie over a curtain rod
Tie top curtains
Aka grommets. Similar to tab tops but have metal grommets fixed onto the head of the curtain at regular intervals.
Eyelets
Created by a row of gatherings on a pole or rod
Shirring
Curtains with shirred heading
Cased (slot) or gathered curtains
Uses double or triple rows of puckers which form x or diamond patterns
Smocking
Folds of cloth sewn or taped into place to create fullness
Pleats
Flat, symmetrical pleats formed by folding fabric to the back at each side of the pleat. Fabric folds in opposite directions
Box pleat
Box pleat in reverse. Fabric folds facing each other
Inverted Pleat
Round, 2” to 2 1/2” pleats filled with cotton or paper to hold shape. Generally spaced 2-3” apart.
Cartridge pleat
Aka Pinch Pleats. Three folds made by dividing one fat pleat into three smaller ones but not creasing them
French pleat
Similar to French pleats but instead of 3 folds, only two
Butterfly pleat
Aka Straight Pleats. Fabric folds all facing the same direction
Knife pleat
Curtain heading formed by a tape which when drawn up creates a row of narrow, densely packed folds
Pencil pleat
Neat, even folds that snap on and off a traverse track without hooks. Simulate look of accordion folds
Accordion pleat
Secure only the base by forming a short cup then stuffed with a rolled-up piece of interlining or Dacron to pad out the full shape
Goblet
Goblet pleats linked along their base by a hand-sewn cord
Flemish headings
Term that include blinds, shades and screens that are made of wood or strong fabric
Hard window treatments
Consist of horizontal panels that open and close at right angles
Horizontal blinds
Usually made of lightweight metal usually aluminum, coated with paint. 2” wide slats held together by 1” cotton braid ladder or nylon cord
Venetian blinds
Same as venetian blinds only that it has 1” wide slats
Miniblinds
Has slats that are 1/2” in size
Microminiblinds
Venetian blinds with strips made of wood
Wood blinds
Vertically aligned vanes. Made of PVC, fabric, wood, painted aluminum or polycarbonate plastic.
Vertical blinds
Made of fabric approx. 4” wide. When closed, these woven strips fold one in back of the other creating a look of a macrame panel on either side of window
Vertical woven blinds
Roll of material attached to a spring-wound tube or roller mechanism. Usually comes in 36, 45, 54, 72”
Roller blinds
Usually made of narrow horizontal strips connected with thread woven on both sides. Made of bamboo, tortoise shells or woven wood
Wooden shades
More like a blind than it is a shade. Made of accordion-pleated fabric which is raised and lowered with cords like a blind. Permanently pleated.
Pleated shades
Aka honeycomb shades. Consists of two or more sheets of accordion-pleated reinforced fabric that are bonded together.
Cellular shades
Wooden hinged and solid panels that may be folded across a window to diffuse light or add privacy
Shutters
Bigger than ordinary shutters. With wider louvers and offer more ventilation and clearer view
Plantation shutter
Type of freestanding furniture with several frames or panels often connected by hinges
Screens
Chinese wooden folding screen coated in dark lacquer
Coromandel screem
Traditional Japanese designed panel screens made of paper
Shoji screen
Has open framework with criss-crossed pattern of overlapping strips of building material
Lattice screen
Ornately carved screen with pinholes
Pierced screen
Used to protect draperies, adding to their durability and longetivity
Drapery Liners
Either in white or gray/ silver in color; eliminates inter-lining but is twice the cost of sateen
Milium Sateen
Most draperies are lined with this. May have to be interlined
Sateen
Used for lining but is generally interlined with white flannel
Glosheen or colored sateen
Used to change or enhance properties of draperies; generally not durable enough to withstand exposure to UV light, abrasion, moisture, and other environmental conditions, therefore they are inserted between the lining and drapery fabrics
Interlining
Lend a nice, airy feeling to a room with drapery hanging just below the pole with rings or with drapery fabric fully gathered on the pole. Usually 1 1/2” diameter for brass and 1 3/8” diameter for wood (with 2” rings)
Pole treatment
Soft horizontal treatments mounted across the tops of window and are always made entirely of fabric
Valances
Valance treatment that is arched along the lower edge
Arched valance
Valance constructed like the box pleats but the pleats are spaced further part
Kick pleated valance
Valance includes triangularly cut fabric pieces that overlap together
Banner valance
A long piece of fabric, usually designed to drape across the top of window and hang to the floor on either side
Scarf
Stiff paneled headings to curtains. Also valances made out of wood with edges cut either straight or curved. Depth usually varies from 4”-8”.
Pelmet or Corniceboard
Extends all the way down, either side of the window as well as across the top framing the window on three sides. Usually plywood covered with fabric.
Lambrequin
Aka festoon. Single or double draping fabric across top of the window. Hung from a foundation cornice.
Swag
French term which means bird’s crop. Pleated or draped lengths of fabric hanging down the side of the window.
Jabots
Can be the same fabric as the drapery itself, or in a contrasting fabric or may have a border or may be shirred or may use ornamental pieces or accessories
Tie-backs
Simple, ornamental knobs or hooks where you attach the tie-backs or use them by themselves
Hold backs
Defined as decorative cording, braids or fringes applied to edges or hems of draperies
Trim
Trim that may be silk, cotton, wood and crystal
Balls
Trim sewn onto the edges and hems of curtain panels. Also used to decorate pillows, lampshades and rugs
Fringes
Four types of fringes
Cut, looped, beaded and eyelash fringes
1/2” to 8” long bell shaped trims constructed entirely from yarns and are tied together at the neck. May be braided, looped or scalloped.
Tassels
Consists of round or elongated wooden turnings that are wound with one or more of a variety of yarns
Molded fringes
Formed of twisted loops of rope
Bullion fringe
A woven ribbon used as edging or trimming
Braid
A narrow close-woven band or braid used for trimming draperies and upholstery and commonly made of lace, metallic thread or embroidery. It is a heavy Gimpe.
Galloon
A narrow flat braid or rounded cord of fabric used for trimming
Gimpe/ Gimp
It is a length of cord covered with bias binding and used as a decorative edging
Piping
Strips of material sewn between upholstery seams or drapery
Welting
Four types of edging
Piping, welting, ruffles and pleats
Adjustable rods usually hung by brackets to the wall or window frame. Drawn manually and curtains may be shirred onto the rod or hung by hooks.
Flat Curtain Rods
Designed for double curtain treatments. Outside is longer than inside.
Double Flat Rods
Two or three piece adjustable rods, hinged for use on corner-meeting windows and angled bays
Corner and Bay Window Rods
Small, round, decorative rod which comes in white, brass or woodgrain finish; used to mount cafe curtains that do not have a rod pocket
Cafe Rods
Rods mainly used for decorative purposes. Curtains are attached to rings then to this rod.
Wood Poles
Small rod, usually mounted inside a window frame on the sash
Sash rods
Rods which stay in place inside the window frame through spring tension
Tension rods
Rods for use on windows with curves; may come in brass but usually aluminum is used
Custom Bent
Adjustable drapery rods that allow opening and closing of window treatment by means of cord and pulley that are actually track glides
Traverse rods
Type of traverse rod wherein curtains and draperies are drawn on both sides
Conventional Two Way
Type of traverse rod wherein only one panel moves in one direction; often used for sliding glass doors
Conventional One Way
Traverse rods meant to be exposed
Decorative Traverse Rods
Attachment placed at each end of curtain rod, originally to stop curtain rings from falling off but now used decoratively
Finial
Attached to ordinary brackets to extend the length of rod return. For multiple tier curtains to hang freely
Extension brackets
Used to mount brackets beyond window frame
Extension Plates
Usually lead or chain; inserted on hems or tacked in lower corners to make treatments hang crisply
Weights
Sewn in vertical seams and each corner of drapery panel
Lead weights
Small beads strung in a line along bottom hemline of sheers to insure even hemline and straight hanging
Chain weights
Type of ring that grip the curtain with spring-tension prongs. Easily attaches and detaches from curtains
Clip-on rings
Rings that are hand stitched to the top of the curtain and slid onto the rods
Plain rings
Rings that have additional smaller ring on the bottom which may be sewn directly to curtains or hooks that have been sawn on headers could be made to slip through
Eyelet Rings
Pinned directly onto drapery or curtain headings
Hooks or Pin-on hooks
Hooks that have prongs that fit into the slats of a pleater tape and creates a simple pinched pleat
Pleater hooks
Hooks that are easier to use because they are just slipped inside a heading
Slip-in hooks
Wood facing below the sill on windows
Apron
Type of bed with canopy suspended from the ceiling. Aka angle bed
A La Duchesse
Canopy resting on columns usually built over an altar
Baldachino
Used to frame or border a piece of work to add interest to the finished work
Banding
A line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabric
Bias
Strips of fabric cut on the bias
Bias binding
Happens when two fabrics are used in layers and darker color of the bottom gets seen from the top
Bleed through
Stitch frequently used for attaching applique pieces or binding; hidden under the top
Blind stitch
Draped covering over a piece of furniture
Canopy
Curtain heading consisting of a simple hemmed top through which a rod or narrow pole could be slotted
Cased heading or slot heading
Two or three drapery rods sharing one set of brackets
Combination rods
Colored fabric used as lining when parts of it will show from the front
Contrast Lining
Pair of draperies which open and close from the center of windows
Center Draw
Stiffening material similar to buckram in drapery headings
Crinoline
Coiled wire with plastic coating; slightly expandable and is fixed by eyelets screwed into the wire at each end
Curtain wire
Linings that hang by special heading tape; not actually stitched to the curtain fabric
Detachable linings
Distance from the top of the object to where you want the fabric to end
Drop Length
Wood board at top of the top treatments, cornices or valances; purpose is to prevent dust from settling
Dust cap
Casual curtains that do not pull back; bottom inside corners are hooked back to let light in
Envelope curtains
Similar to fan shade but used on half-circle windows with fan facing up
Fan curtain
Vertical fold of accordion action of the fabric that creates folds and helps hold the drapery
Fan Floded
Arcs of fabric pulled together in center by rings and cords that are fastened to the back; arc or fan facing down
Fan shades
Main fabric that faces the interior
Face fabric
Actual width after treatment is finished
Finished width
Place where the curtain stops
Finished drop line
Exact vertical measurement for draperies or curtains
Finished length
Ratio of the total fabric used to the finished width of a drapery; the greater = smaller spaces between pleats
Fullness
Rectangular canopy above a bed extending only partway from the bed
Half-tester
Extra fabric added to measurements to create hems
Hem Allowance
Installation of window covering inside window frame
Inside mount
Thin cords threaded through each slat that hold a blind together
Ladder cord
Inner vertical edges of the curtain that meets its pair at the center of the window
Leading edge
The control, typically a cord which raises or lowers blinds or shades
Lift
Gap on the side or in the center of window treatment through which light penetrates
Light strike
Trim that sets off smaller panes of glass in a window
Mullion
Installation of window covering beyond window frame
Outside mount
Fancy decorative trimmings such as tassels, tiebacks and ribbons
Passementerie
Random pattern repeats are matched vertically at selvage edge so pattern lines up horizontally at leading edge of fabric
Pattern Match
Interval between repetitions of the same pattern
Pattern repeat
Pre-made and evenly spaced fabric tape sewn onto a drapery heading for stiffness to receive and conceal drapery hooks
Pleating tape
Bed set lengthwise against wall and supported by small dome
Polonnaise
Term used to describe long draperies that are lying on the floor in a puddle fashion
Puddle
Refers to using fabric horizontally
Railroading
Distance from front of the window treatment to the wall
Return
Printed side of the fabric used as the finished side
Right side
Area required and used by pleated curtains when they are open
Stackback
Panel of fabric mounted on a board and attached to the inside frame of a narrow window
Stagecoach valance
Canopy framework over a four-poster bed
Tester
1-2” of extra fabric beyond what’s needed to reach the floor; more contemporary option for puddling
Trouser beak
Narrow bed with draped recess
Turkish bed
Hook and loop tape for attaching fabric to a mounting board
Velcro
Rolled fabric boarder stuffed to create a sausage shape
Wadded edge
