History of Art and Interior Design

Question 1

aesthetically pleasing and meaningful arrangement of element, as words,sounds,colors,shapes etc.

Answer 1

Art

Question 2

Science or profession of designing and constructing building or other structures

Answer 2

Architecture

Question 3

Art referring to the following: painting, sculpture, glass and glassware,ceramic, and pottery, metallurgy and plants

Answer 3

Decorative Arts

Question 4

seeks to establish what was built, when by whom and for whom

Answer 4

Practical

Question 5

whys and its relationship to the social,economic,political,cultural, and religious environment

Answer 5

Historical

Question 6

visual and stylistic differences and to explain how styles change and why they do so

Answer 6

Aesthetics

Question 7

What do you call of the following:

1. Rational,Technological & Constructional
2. Social and Religious
3. Economic, Cultural and Political
4. Spirit of the Age (Zeitgeist)

Answer 7

Factors of Historical Development

Question 8

“before history” with written documentation/language. Based on educated speculation. Divided into Stone Age and Metal Age

Answer 8

Pre-history

Question 9

before written history, also known as the the Old stone age where Homo Sapiens or Cro-Magnon man used chipped stones

Answer 9

Paleotihic

Question 10

person that put on animal parts to have their characteristics to aid in hunting & gathering equals to survive wild better

Answer 10

Shaman,Troise Fere

Question 11

use of pigments for bodily ornamentation

Answer 11

Mousterian

Question 12

cave painting

Answer 12

Aurignacian

Question 13

Last of the hunter-gathers. Found in engravings of animals on bone

Answer 13

Magdalenian

Question 14

small figurines or decorative objects were carved or modeled with clay. Figurines were collectively known as “Venus” as they are unmistakably female of child -bearing build

Answer 14

Portable Art

Question 15

4 1/2” tall made of limestone the stumpy female figure features pendulous breast an obese middle and belly and pronounced buttocks

Answer 15

Venus of Willendorf (Austria)

Question 16

people during that time thin so if you have this body part = Fertile

Answer 16

Fertility Symbol

Question 17

Relief. Carries a horn =power Bc you have to be powerful to take of horn. Resembles CORNUCOPIA/ horn of Plenty” later on

Answer 17

Venus of Laussel

Question 18

cave paintings from Lascaux,France,Great Hall of the Bulls painted with four great bulls: believed to express belief the power of the animal

Answer 18

Stationary Art

Question 19

10,000-8,000 Bc. Glacial ice as well as certain food disappeared. Settled communities and farming the invention of bow and arrow, pottery for food storage and domestication of small animals

Answer 19

Mesolithic Age/ Middle Stone Age

Question 20

a. pottery utilitarian in origin, not for visual pleasure

b. Rock painting similar in nature to Paleolithic cave painting ; these moved out to outdoors to vertical cliffs

Answer 20

Kinds of Art

Question 21

Men first developed agriculture and settled in permanent villages.Mud bricks were first used . In order to farm, they needed shelter = started to form communities

Answer 21

Neolithic/ New stone Age

Question 22

made by kilning and mostly for storage of food ; mostly painted/decorated. Vessels used for storage and cooking

Answer 22

Pottery

Question 23

• architecture without architects
• Common sense architecture
• response to climate,geography, topography and weather
  -use of locally sourced materials
  cultural belief “ form,ornamentation, motifs”

Answer 23

Vernacular Architecture

Question 24

conical stone-roofed building unique to the region of Puglia (Apulia) in southeastern Italy.

Answer 24

Trullo

Question 25

a large stone which has been used to construct a structure or monument either alone or with other stones; huge stones assembled without mortar

Answer 25

Megalith

Question 26

a large, single upright standing stone,

Answer 26

Menhir

Question 27

a free standing chamber,consisting of standing stones covered by a capstone as a lid

Answer 27

Dolmen

Question 28

• founders of Mesopotamian civilization
• from region of sumer
• contributed cuneiform

Answer 28

Summerians

Question 29

-from latin “cunueus” = wedge

Answer 29

cuneiform

Question 30

• Protoliterate

- earliest writing developed

Answer 30

city of Uruk

Question 31

made use of picture symbols

Answer 31

cylinderseals

Question 32

first ever transaction was for beer

Answer 32

Transnational receipts

Question 33

bible of Mesopotamia

Answer 33

Epic Of Gilgamesh

Question 34

• 2700 BC
• 3D statuettes made of marble
• made through Cire- perdue or lost wax method
• worshiped in hope that they would bring fertility to women and to crops
• precious stone were used for the color of the pupils such as Lapiz Lazuli
• Convention : all standing upright, men wearing skirt, women wearing dress, eyes wide open, beard for men, rigid posture for men; softer for women
• Hierarchy of scale : men are taller than women i indicate rank/ importance

Answer 34

Tell Asmar Figures/ Eshunna

Question 35

lost wax method

Answer 35

Cire-Perdue

Question 36

all standing upright, men wearing skirt, women wearing dress, eyes wide open, beard for men, rigid posture for men; softer for women

Answer 36

Convention

Question 37

men are taller than women , indicate rank/ importance

Answer 37

Hierarchy of scale

Question 38

• 2600-2500 BC
• 18” long, decorated with shell and Lapis Lazuli
• Shell : hard to get, expensive
• Lapis Lazuli : “ stone from the heavens “, semi- precious blue stone
• material shows that it was used by royalty

Answer 38

The standard of Ur

Question 39

• offering stand from Ur
• 2600 BC, wood, gold, Lapiz Lazuli
• Height : 20” [ 50.7 cm ]

Answer 39

Ram & Tree

Question 40

• Sumerian temple
• 6 to 7 storeys high
• for civic, commercial & industrial activities, often raised upon a great platform, usually situated at town center
• resembles a Mountain “Sacred place
  ex. Ziggurat of King Urnammu, Ur [El Muqeiyar] Iraq, 2100 BC

Answer 40

Ziggurat

Question 41

• Founded by Sargon I

- First Mesopotamian rulers to call themselves kings

Answer 41

Akkadians

Question 42

• bastard son of the King

- same as story of Moses [ Flowed on river in a reed basket]

Answer 42

Sargon I

Question 43

• Upright stone slab used as marker
• earliest known monument to glorify a conqueror
• register became diagonal from horizontal
• Naram-sin alone stands triumphant as defeated enemy soldiers plead for mercy

Answer 43

Stele of Naram-sin

Question 44

to maintain the status quo

Answer 44

The code of Hammurabi

Question 45

• borrowed from Babylonian culture because bankrupt

- known for aggression = warfare

Answer 45

Assyrians

Question 46

• thick walls fortification

- crenelation

Answer 46

City of nimrud

Question 47

• throne hall : entrance of palace; decorated with almost entirely wood- sourced elsewhere =they had money & manpower

Answer 47

Palace of Sargon II

Question 48

• guarded the palace
• reminds of sphinx
• horned cap attests to their divinity ; belt signifies power
• human face because wisdom [animal before]
• cross between sculpture in the round & relief
• 5 legs : meant to be seen two slides ; resting & waling

Answer 48

Lamassu

Question 49

-King Cyrus II or Cyrus the Great : founder
-Followed teaching of Zoroaster
rituals held outdoors- no temple
-important =Palaces

Answer 49

Persians

Question 50

word has two central forces : light & dark

Answer 50

Zoroaster

Question 51

• “city of the Persians”

- Trabeated construction

Answer 51

Persepolis

Question 52

• Ctesiphon, Iraq
• 242-272 AD [ Roman Era]
• Persians never stopped building

Answer 52

Palace of Shapur I

Question 53

an upright slab forming part of a larger structure

Answer 53

Orthostat

Question 54

or cromlech in welsh : circular/ semi-circular

Answer 54

Stone circle

Question 55

a linear arrangement of upright, parallel standing stones

Answer 55

Stone row

Question 56

a straight standing stone topped with another forming T shapes

Answer 56

Taula

Question 57

two parallel upright stones with a horizontal stone called a lintel placed on top e.g Stoneheuge

Answer 57

Trilithon

Question 58

• copper and tin were widely used
• use of semi-precious stones
• advanced pottery
• beginning of history itself

Answer 58

Bronze age

Question 59

• known as the cradle of civilization
• Domestication of animals,trade and coinage, legal government, potter’s wheel, wagon wheel, alphabet, architecture,mathematics and astronomy,monotheism and monogamy

Answer 59

Mesopotamian Civilization

Question 60

600-4000 B.C

• contributed the cuneiform and the ziggurat architecture
• invented writing and produced the world fist literature, the epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 60

Sumerian

Question 61

• First Mesopotamian rulers to call themselves kings

- May have been the first to cast hollow life-size bronze sculpture

Answer 61

Akkadians

Question 62

-Constructed one of the largest ziggurat in Mesopotamian at Ur

Answer 62

Neo-Sumerian

Question 63

-babylon’s greatest king Hammurabi formulated wide-ranging laws immortalized on what code?

Answer 63

Code of Hammurabi

Question 64

Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem and has been associated with the architectural wonders of Babylon; builds the Ishtar Gate which was included among the 7 wonders of the world

Answer 64

Neo-Babylonians

Question 65

700-500 B.C

-Palaces were fortified citadels with lamassu guardians

Answer 65

Assyrian

Question 66

539-331 B.C

- Cyrus the Great of Persia defeated the Babylonians and archived an enormous empire

Answer 66

Persian Period

Question 67

was built by Darius I Xerxes built a huge palace complex with an audience hall that could accommodate 10,000 guests

Answer 67

Persepolis

Question 68

system of writing typified by the use of characters formed by the arrangement of small wedge-shaped elements

Answer 68

Cuneiform

Question 69

Characterized by large circular eyes and curly hair and beard

Answer 69

Sculpture

Question 70

great stone statue of a human-headed winged bull that proceded the palace of Ishtar, Palace of Sargon II city of Khorsabad

Answer 70

The Lamassu

Question 71

300 statues written in Akkadian on 51 columns

Answer 71

The Law code of Hammurabi

Question 72

• Used arches and corbel forms for roofs
• Inlay and glazed tiles for decoration
• Crenellation- battlement
• there were no temples; rituals held outdoor
  a. Introduced the use of columns
  b. Low relief decorations

Answer 72

Mesopotamian

Question 73

Artificial mountains made of tiered rectangular layers which rose in number from one to seven in the course of Mesopotamian history

Answer 73

Ziggurat

Question 74

polychrome ornamental brickwork and also high plinths or dadoes made of great stone slabs placed on edges; usually carved with low relief sculpture

Answer 74

Palaces

Question 75

entrance gate to the Palace of Sargon; named after the goddess of love, fertility and war, it is faced with glazed bricks with rows of bulls and dragons; were flanked by great towers and with lamassu figures carved in stone.Which in turn supported a semi-circular arch covered with brilliantly colored tile

Answer 75

Ishtar Gate

Question 76

seven-tiered ziggurat,rising from a base of 297sq.ft. Its mounds of ruins lay in Baghdad; had a tower at apex

Answer 76

Tower of Babel

Question 77

great palace built by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife Amytis; idea of vertical garden

Answer 77

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Question 78

city of the Persians

Answer 78

Persepolis

Question 79

Gateway

Answer 79

Propylacum

Question 80

Bull capital

Answer 80

Hall of a hundred columns

Question 81

• receiving hall

- crenellated parapet

Answer 81

Apadana

Question 82

built on stone platform and consisted of multi-columned building. Access to the platform was a long double stairway

Answer 82

Palace complex at Persepolis

Question 83

a large hypostyle hall begun by Darius and finished by Xerxes that was used mainly for great receptions by the kings. This hall contained 72 columns and two monumental stairway; receiving hall

Answer 83

Apadana or Audience Hall

Question 84

1. Focus on permanence, stability,eternity,life after death
2. Formalized art- rules for the portrayal of the human figure
3. Theocracy - Pharaoh thought to be a god
4. Hieroglyphics- system of writing with picture symbols this allowed history to be written
5. Making of glass an important discovery

Answer 84

Ancient Egyptian Period

Question 85

The pharaoh was considered divine.Representation of the figure presented the most reflexive view of each part of the body.Preparation for the afterlife was of extreme importance. The body must be preserved if the soul or ka is to live on in the beyond using the same body

Answer 85

Religion

Question 86

The god of thebes; sacred animals; the ram and goose

Answer 86

Amon

Question 87

Jackal-god; patron of embalmers, god of necropolis

Answer 87

Anubis

Question 88

god of the sum-disk;worshipped as the creator god by Akhenaten

Answer 88

Aten

Question 89

helper of women in childbirth,protector against snakes and other dangers; depicted as a dwarf with features of a lion

Answer 89

Bes

Question 90

god of the Nile flood; depicted as a man with female breasts

Answer 90

Hapi

Question 91

goddess of children; depicted as a cow or as a women with cow’s horns

Answer 91

Hathor

Question 92

falcon-god; originally the sky god; identified with the king during his lifetime; the son of Osiris and Isis

Answer 92

Horus

Question 93

architect who was later defied as the god of learning and medicine

Answer 93

Imhotep

Question 94

divine mother; one of protector-goddesses; protecting coffins and canopic jars

Answer 94

Isis

Question 95

goddess of truth;depicted as a women with ostrich feather on her head

Answer 95

Maat

Question 96

wife of Amon; originally the vulture goddess , later depicted as a women

Answer 96

Mut

Question 97

god of the underworld; identified as the dead king; depicted as a mummiform man

Answer 97

Osiris

Question 98

creator god of Memphis; patron god of craftsmen; depicted as a mummiform man

Answer 98

Ptah

Question 99

sun god of Heliopolis; supreme judge;depicted as falcon headed

Answer 99

Ra(e)

Question 100

god of storms and violence; brother and murderess of Osiris,rival of horus; depicted as a pig ass, hippopotamus etc

Answer 100

Seth

Question 101

• ornament
• record of history
• veneration to the gods

Answer 101

Egyptian Art

Question 102

Face must look straight ahead and each side must be exactly like the other, although the hands and feet are in profile eyes, shoulder in front view

Answer 102

Law of Frontality

Question 103

a. Royalty portrayed large and formally
b. commoners portrayed naturally
c. Slaves and enemies in smallest scale

Answer 103

Scale

Question 104

1. Brilliant color
2. Groove chiseled around each figure
3. Law of Frontality- Face must look straight ahead and each side must be exactly like the other, although the hands and feet are in profile eyes, shoulder in front view
4. Scale
   a. Royalty portrayed large and formally
   b. commoners portrayed naturally
   c. Slaves and enemies in smallest scale
5. Men colored reddish brown; female in yellow

Answer 104

Egyptian Wall Decorations

Question 105

1. Lions,bulls of red granite
2. seated figures of royalty
3. Sphinx- mythical beast of ancient Egypt, frequently symbolizing the pharaoh as an incarnation of the sun god Ra. It represented in sculpture usually in a recumbent position with the head of a man and the body of a lion,although some were constructed with rams’ heads and others with hawks’ heads
4. Sarcophagus - carved, generally stone case in which the linen-wrapped mummy was placed

Answer 105

Egyptian Sculpture

Question 106

mythical beast of ancient Egypt, frequently symbolizing the pharaoh as an incarnation of the sun god Ra. It represented in sculpture usually in a recumbent position with the head of a man and the body of a lion,although some were constructed with rams’ heads and others with hawks’ heads

Answer 106

Sphinx

Question 107

carved, generally stone case in which the linen-wrapped mummy was placed

Answer 107

Sarcophagus

Question 108

a. Rectangular forms in straight lines are its dominant features
b. Massive and solid
c. Excessively thick walls
d. simple forms and few molding
e. proportions and support were heavy and sturdy
f. trabeated construction- a system of column and lintel

Answer 108

Characteristic of Egyptian Architecture

Question 109

first recorded artist of western history, architect to Zoser. Enjoyed the status of a court official and was later deified

Answer 109

Imhotep

Question 110

Funerary temples for commoners; later developed into step pyramids which were really mastabas on top of each other

Answer 110

Mastabas

Question 111

city of mastabas

Answer 111

Necropolis

Question 112

a massive funerary structure of stone or brick with a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the apex used mainly in ancient Egypt

Answer 112

Pyramid

Question 113

series of mastabas, each smaller and stacked on top of each other. It was built fairly small limestone blocks

Answer 113

Stepped

Question 114

two types of stepped

Answer 114

Bent and straight

Question 115

square shaft of stone with a pyramid top used as a monument

Answer 115

Obelisks

Question 116

post and lintel construction

Answer 116

Temples

Question 117

Dead pharaoh

Answer 117

Mortuary Temples

Question 118

popular worship of the ancient gods

Answer 118

Cult temples

Question 119

located on cliffs where they cut labyrinth passageways that led to ceremonial and burial chambers which were later replaced by temples

Answer 119

Rock-hewn tombs/temples

Question 120

Monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple, consisting of a pair of tower structure with slanting walls flanking the entrance portal

Answer 120

Pylon

Question 121

open court

Answer 121

Peristyle

Question 122

double row of columns higher than the other

Answer 122

Hypostyle hall

Question 123

small shrine which was used as receptacle for the small statue of a god

Answer 123

Sanctuary

Question 124

papyrus, the plant symbolizing lower Egypt suggest the presence of a temple; can have circular or ribbed shafts

Answer 124

Papyrus bundle

Question 125

non-secular buildings

Answer 125

lotiform

Question 126

or bell-shaped form; either lotus or papyrus

Answer 126

campaniform flow

Question 127

headed

Answer 127

Hathor

Question 128

1. Papyrus bundle- papyrus, the plant symbolizing lower Egypt suggest the presence of a temple; can have circular or ribbed shafts
2. Lotiform- non-secular buildings
3. Palmiform
4. or bell-shaped form; either lotus or papyrus
5. Hathor- headed
6. Volute

Answer 128

Types of Capitals

Question 129

First pyramid ever built, it is a stepped pyramid built to house the ka of king Zoser

Answer 129

Stepped Pyramid of Zoser, Sakkara

Question 130

symbol of protection; Hewn out of natural limestone with the addiction of stone blocks; Molded into a human-headed lion with the face representing Khafre; A paved open temple is located between its paws

Answer 130

The great Sphinx

Question 131

most elaborate of Egyptian requirement for the afterlife pyramid of Khufu

Answer 131

The giza pyramid

Question 132

three large terraces connected to each other by ramps

Answer 132

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Question 133

hypostyle hall with 134 freestanding column in 16 rows. The site is built by a sacred lake

Answer 133

Great Temple Of Amun, Karnak

Question 134

rock cut temple commissioned by Rameses II to honor his own memory

Answer 134

Great Temple of Abu-Simbel

Question 135

• 3000-1200BC
• art of civilization that flourished on the Greek peninsula in Asia Minor, on the north coast of Africa and in the western Mediterranean until the establishment of the Roman dominion in 146AD characterized by a system of construction based on rules of forms and proportion

Answer 135

The Aegean Period

Question 136

Greek ancient civilization rose from the Dorians who overwhelmed the Myceneans

Answer 136

Historical Background of Greeks

Question 137

(3000-1200 BC) composed of three civilizations that flourished on the islands of the Aegean Sea that lie between western Turkey and mainland Greece

Answer 137

Aegean period

Question 138

3200-1200 BC

Answer 138

Cycladic

Question 139

3000-1500BC . After minos, which can be a generic term for ruler or a name of a particular person

Answer 139

Minoan

Question 140

1600-1300 BC, land of the legend of troy; a civilization found in the mainland settlement of Mycenae

Answer 140

Mycenaean

Question 141

marble sculpture most found lying down in gravel

Answer 141

Cycladic Art

Question 142

a. Fresco
- The bull Jumping fresco
- The queen’s Megaron
b. Building of great palace on the island. E.g Palace of Knossos a spreading palace of stone and wood for the king with so many chambers above and below ground
- Pillow capitals
- Frescoes lined interior and portico wails
c. Vase painting flourished with sea motifs as popular subjects
d. small scale sculpture (snake goddess sculpture)

Answer 142

Minoan Art

Question 143

a. Funerary mask/ Mask of Agamemnon
b. Cyclopean Architecture
c. Megaron
d. Tombs

Answer 143

Mycenaean Art

Question 144

Mycenaean funerary gold mask. Found in tomb V in Royal circle A at the Acropolis of Mycenae

Answer 144

Funerary mask/ Mask of Agamemnon

Question 145

fortress on a hill that is entered through the Gate of Lion.Large rectangular area with hearth in the center and with many column supporting the roofs

Answer 145

Cyclopean Architecture

Question 146

“big room”, prehistoric throne room

Answer 146

Megaron

Question 147

• enclosing a circular hearth
• antechamber
• front porch with two column

Answer 147

Parts of Megaron

Question 148

• beehive tomb or tholos (“round building)
• Corbeling
• Boasted of the largest dome in the pre Roman world

Answer 148

Tombs

Question 149

courses of layers of stone so that each level projects over a stone

Answer 149

Corbeling

Question 150

Greek peninsula, in Asia Minor on the north coast of Africa and in western Mediterranean until establishment of the Roman dominion in 146AD

Answer 150

Greek Art

Question 151

revical of figures painting in Greece

Answer 151

Geometric Period

Question 152

• oldest Doric and Ionic temples

- Life size stone statues with A

Answer 152

Archaic Period

Question 153

• Contrapposto in statues
• polykleitos formulates canon of proportions’
• rebuilding of the Athenian Acropolis

Answer 153

Classical Period

Question 154

• Sculptors humanize Greeks gods

- Corinthian capitals introduced

Answer 154

Helleric

Question 155

• Artist explore new subjects

- artist break the rules of the classical orders

Answer 155

Helleristic

Question 156

1. rose from the Dorians who overwhelmed the Mycenaean
2. composed of independent city states (polis)
3. worshiped numerous gods and goddesses who were given human form
4. Sacrifices to gods include festivals athletic games and theater plays
5. belief in the high potential of the human being that encouraged a high level of creative expression
6. belief in the ideal form (plato)
7. “nude” developed
8. Balanced and moderation in all things “Golden mean” proportion

Answer 156

Historical Background of Greeks

Question 157

1. Dark age and Geometric period (100-700 BC)
2. Archaic period (700-480 BC)
3. Hellenic/classical period(480-323 BC)
4. Hellenistic age(323-31 BC)

Answer 157

Periods in Greek art

Question 158

1. Sculpture
2. Vases
3. Architecture

Answer 158

Archaic period

Question 159

a. cylindrical forms and simple formalized features of draperies
b. kouros (robed standing youth) was a favorite subject
c. Archaic smile

Answer 159

Sculpture of Archaic period

Question 160

(robed standing youth)

Answer 160

kouros

Question 161

before the time of Alexander the Great

Answer 161

Hellenic art

Question 162

movement; toward increasing naturalness and freedom of form; use of lost wax method and bronze casting

Answer 162

Severe style

Question 163

vertical folds of cloth

Answer 163

Sculpture of classical/ Hellenic style

Question 164

idealized representations of the subject with perfect bodily proportion

Answer 164

Golden Age

Question 165

contrary positions of the arms and legs

Answer 165

Contrapposto position

Question 166

Painting attempts to depicts reality by using devices to create illusion of a third dimension in flat painting like?

Answer 166

foreshortening and shadow modeling

Question 167

times of Alexander the great’s death in 323 BC through the 1st century BC during the Greek dynasties were established in Egypt, Syrian and Persia and Greek

Answer 167

Hellenistic Art

Question 168

canons and mathematical rules of proportion: realism and emotional intensity. Ex Laocoon and His Sons

Answer 168

Sculpture of Hellenistic Art

Question 169

rectilinear meander patterns. Framed by circular horizontal borders that emphasize the shape of the pot

Answer 169

Geometric style

Question 170

assimilation of Eastern iconography. Shapes are larger and more curvilinear and geometric patterns are now used simply as borders

Answer 170

Orientalizing Style

Question 171

Black-figures : black silhouette with a slip made of clay and water

Answer 171

Archaic

Question 172

Red-figures: process was reversed as figures were left in red against a black background and details were painted in black

Answer 172

Late Archaic to classical r

Question 173

White- figures: wash of white clay formed the background. Figures were then applied in black and additional colors were added

Answer 173

Classical to late Classical

Question 174

four broad categories of Greek pottery

Answer 174

1. storage and transport vessels
2. mixing vessels
3. jugs and cups
4. vases for oils, perfumes and cosmetic

Question 175

a water jar with three handles

Answer 175

Hydria

Question 176

flask for storing and pouring oil

Answer 176

lekythos

Question 177

a large vessel with two handles, for mixing wine and water

Answer 177

krater

Question 178

tops of the handles have a volute or scroll. Decorated in red figured style

Answer 178

Volute-Krater

Question 179

storing home, olive oil, wine and water

Answer 179

Amphora

Question 180

stemmed cup with two horizontal handles and a stemmed foot used for drinking wine

Answer 180

Kylix

Question 181

pouring wine

Answer 181

Oenochoe

Question 182

deep bowl; like a teacup

Answer 182

skyphos

Question 183

used for drinking; swung handles that extend above the lip of the pot

Answer 183

olpe

Question 184

storing liquids ; contain ashes after cremetion

Answer 184

Pelike

Question 185

small circular box with a lid, often used for the storage of jewelry and toiletries

Answer 185

Pyxis

Question 186

religious practices for the pouring of libations; shape of animal head especially bulls

Answer 186

Rhyton

Question 187

particular style of column together with the entablature and standardized details including its base and capital.

Answer 187

Orders in Greek Architecture

Question 188

earliest and most massive; no base; a fluted shaft and plain capital

Answer 188

Doric

Question 189

lighter than Doric. Fluted shaft has abase; volute capital

Answer 189

Ionic

Question 190

plinth and fluted shaft and its distinctive ornate capital

Answer 190

Corinthian

Question 191

1. Upright column
2. Base and capital
3. Horizontal entablature

Answer 191

Parts of Major Greek Orders

Question 192

topmost step of three steps

Answer 192

Stylobate

Question 193

column composed of individual sections (drums) and concave groove(flutes) with a base and capital

Answer 193

Shaft

Question 194

topmost structural member of a column

Answer 194

Capital

Question 195

snug band at the top of the shaft

Answer 195

Necking

Question 196

flat,curved element, like a plate with rounded sides

Answer 196

Echinus

Question 197

flat square above the echinus

Answer 197

Abaus

Question 198

forms the lintel ; an elaborate horizontal band and molding above the column

Answer 198

Entablature

Question 199

plain, horizontal member above a capital

Answer 199

Architrave

Question 200

a band above the architecture consisting of alternating triglyphs and metopes

Answer 200

Frieze

Question 201

rectangles with vertical incisions carved into their surface

Answer 201

Triglyph

Question 202

slabs of stone either plane or with sculpture in relief

Answer 202

Metope

Question 203

short band under the triglyph

Answer 203

Regula

Question 204

above regula

Answer 204

Tenia

Question 205

projection above the frieze to protect it from the weather

Answer 205

Cornice

Question 206

low,slanting cornice

Answer 206

Ranking cornice

Question 207

triangular gable; horizontal cornice with raked cornices

Answer 207

Pediment

Question 208

technique applied on column which do not taper in a straight line, but bulge outward about one-third of the way up from the base

Answer 208

Entasis

Question 209

small, slat, plain surface, used to separate other moldings

Answer 209

Fillet

Question 210

wide, straight surface

Answer 210

Fascia

Question 211

convex curved surface; quarter-circle; often with egg&dart motif

Answer 211

Ovolo

Question 212

concave surface quarter circle

Answer 212

Cavetto

Question 213

s-shaped curved surface that starts &ends horizontally’ usually with honeysuckle motif

Answer 213

Cyma recta

Question 214

starts & ends vertically

Answer 214

Cyma reversa

Question 215

convex surface approx the exterior of semi-circle with gulloche

Answer 215

Torus

Question 216

small torus

Answer 216

Bead

Question 217

deep,hollow,concave molding; column base

Answer 217

Scotia

Question 218

column with shafts in female form

Answer 218

Caryatid

Question 219

sculptured male human figure used in place of a column to support an entablature also called atlas

Answer 219

Telamon

Question 220

plaza/court, meeting place, platform for speaker

Answer 220

Agora

Question 221

a long colonnaded multi-purpose building

Answer 221

Stoa

Question 222

city upon a hill; citadel

Answer 222

Acropolis

Question 223

house the deity

Answer 223

Temple

Question 224

large space with a flat roof supported by rows of column

Answer 224

Hypostyle hall

Question 225

inner portico

Answer 225

Pronaos

Question 226

sanctuary of a classical temple; cult statue of the god

Answer 226

Naos

Question 227

Greek stage building

Answer 227

Skene

Question 228

Type of Greek theater with semi-circular form and hollowed out of a hill

Answer 228

Auditorium

Question 229

Type of Greek theater which covered smaller theaters

Answer 229

Odeon

Question 230

Type of Greek theater that are elongated for foot races

Answer 230

Stadium

Question 231

Type of Greek theater for horse and chariot races

Answer 231

Hippodrome

Question 232

Part of a Greek theater known as the “dancing place”; a large circular area with slightly raised stone on which was placed the statues of deities usually Dionysius

Answer 232

Orchestra

Question 233

Part of a Greek theater serving as the acting area behind the orchestra

Answer 233

Proscenium

Question 234

Part of a Greek theater serving as a backdrop for the acting area or dressing room

Answer 234

Skene

Question 235

Entrance of a Greek theater

Answer 235

Parodos

Question 236

Exit of a Greek theater

Answer 236

Exodus

Question 237

Senate house for elected officials

Answer 237

Prytaneion

Question 238

Councilhouse; covered meeting place for elected officials

Answer 238

Bouleterion

Question 239

Large tomb usually a large stone building with entombment above ground

Answer 239

Mausoleum

Question 240

Greek gymnasium

Answer 240

Palestra

Question 241

Both the fortified citadel and state sanctuary of city of Athens

Answer 241

Acropolis of Athens

Question 242

Monumental entrance to the Acropolis

Answer 242

Propylaea

Question 243

Picture gallery; formed left wing of Propylaea on the Acropolis

Answer 243

Pinacothea

Question 244

Built on the 420 B.C. in the Ionic order; has prostasis on east side, propylon on the north and famous porch of caryatids on the south

Answer 244

Temple of Erectheion

Question 245

Chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the hill of Acropolis at Athens, Greece

Answer 245

Parthenon

Question 246

Covered walkway or portico

Answer 246

Stoa

Question 247

Period from Eturia (modern day Tuscany) and the Etrusci Sea; 1000-100 BC; decadent and blood thirsty people with predilection for piracy, superstition and magic

Answer 247

Etruscan Period

Question 248

Container for ashes

Answer 248

Cinerary

Question 249

Corbeled domed tombs

Answer 249

Tholos

Question 250

Period with new engineering developments in the design of the arch vault and the dome

Answer 250

Roman period

Question 251

Three Roman periods

Answer 251

Roman Republican Period: 500 to 27 BCE
Early Roman Empire: 27 CE to 180 CE
Late Roman Empire: 180-330 CE

Question 252

Period in Roman history where capital was moved to Byzantium by Emperor Constantine

Answer 252

Late Roman Empire`

Question 253

Marble or limestone coffin with elaborate carving

Answer 253

Sarcophagus

Question 254

Sculpture of a person’s head, shoulders, and chest

Answer 254

Bust

Question 255

Technique which involves painting directly on plaster wall

Answer 255

Roman fresco technique

Question 256

Painting on wet plaster

Answer 256

Buon fresco (good/ true fresco)

Question 257

Dry fresco

Answer 257

Fresco secco

Question 258

Pattern or picture made of many small colored pieces of stone, glass etc.

Answer 258

Mosaics

Question 259

Statue of a rider on a horse

Answer 259

Equestrian Monument

Question 260

Architectural monument built to commemorate military triumphs and other significant events such as the accession of new emperor

Answer 260

Triumphal arch

Question 261

Monument in the form of a column erected in memory of a victorious battle, war or revolution

Answer 261

Column of victory

Question 262

Massive brick and concrete construction, semi-circular arch, barrel and groin vault and dome, elaboration of Greek orders; use of marble linings, mosaics, molded stucco for interiors

Answer 262

Roman architecture

Question 263

Established certain rules for standardizing Greek orders for architecture

Answer 263

Vitruvius

Question 264

Measuring unit for each order

Answer 264

Module

Question 265

According to Vitruvius, entablature shall be ____ the height of column

Answer 265

1/4

Question 266

According to Vitruvius, shaft shall be ____ smaller in diameter at the top than its base

Answer 266

1/6

Question 267

Type of order combining Ionic shaft and Corinthian capital

Answer 267

Composite order

Question 268

Simplified version of Roman Doric order with fewer and bolder moldings, unfluted columns, plain frieze and no triglyphs

Answer 268

Tuscan

Question 269

Counterpart of the agora; composed of temples, triumphal arches, pillars of victories, Roman basilica, senate and shops

Answer 269

Forum

Question 270

Columns that protrude from walls like reliefs

Answer 270

Engaged columns

Question 271

High platform upon which temple was raised

Answer 271

Podium

Question 272

Part of Roman temple equivalent to Naos

Answer 272

Cella

Question 273

Roman house of the middle class

Answer 273

Domus

Question 274

Blocks of flat used as a shop and apartment

Answer 274

Insulae

Question 275

Housed the upper-class Roman

Answer 275

Villa

Question 276

Smaller than the Colosseum; arches as predominant features

Answer 276

Amphitheatre

Question 277

Long hairpin race course for chariot races

Answer 277

Circus

Question 278

Other name for circus

Answer 278

Hippodrome

Question 279

Large reservoirs/ cisterns for lead pipes to transport water to towns

Answer 279

Aqueduct

Question 280

Example of aqueduct

Answer 280

Pont du Gard

Question 281

Building to house the Roman law court; eventually became law of justice and commercial exchange

Answer 281

Basilica

Question 282

Public baths

Answer 282

Thermae

Question 283

Hot room in Roman public bath

Answer 283

Caldarium

Question 284

Warm room in Roman public bath

Answer 284

Tepidraium

Question 285

Cold room in Roman public bath

Answer 285

Frigidarium

Question 286

Dry sweating room in Roman public bath

Answer 286

Lancornicum

Question 287

Oiling and shampooing room in Roman public bath

Answer 287

Unctuaria

Question 288

Dressing rooms in Roman public bath

Answer 288

Apodyteria

Question 289

Commemorative arch monument

Answer 289

Triumphal arch

Question 290

Great marble monument constructed during the reign of Augustus

Answer 290

Ara Pacis

Question 291

Began by Agrippa in 27 BC, Emperor Hadrian rebuilt it in 120 AD changing it to the circular shape it has now

Answer 291

Pantheon

Question 292

Center of dome to admit light

Answer 292

Oculus

Question 293

Built for Roman games; features a combination of Roman arch and vault construction; exterior walls are 18m high

Answer 293

Colosseum (Arena)

Question 294

Other term for Colosseum

Answer 294

Flavian Amphitheater

Question 295

Open air court

Answer 295

Atrium

Question 296

Middle aisle of a church

Answer 296

Nave

Question 297

Semi-circular space in front of nave

Answer 297

Apse

Question 298

Placed at center of apse

Answer 298

Altar

Question 299

Started by Emperor Leo III when he prohibited the production of icons in representational human forms

Answer 299

Iconoclastic Controversy in 726

Question 300

Reign of Constantine I in 324 AD where he built the new capital for Roman Empire

Answer 300

Byzantine period

Question 301

City of Constantine or Nova Roma= New Rome

Answer 301

Constantinople

Question 302

Inverted concave triangle that springs from a corner of the square curving up to meet the others

Answer 302

Pendentive

Question 303

Corbel type arch piled on top of another, placed diagonally across internal angles of a tower or base of a drum to convert the square form into an octagonal base to support an octagonal spire or circular dome

Answer 303

Squinch arch

Question 304

Slender towers in the exterior; from Muslim invaders

Answer 304

Minaret

Question 305

Formerly a hall of justice redesigned to be a place for worship

Answer 305

Basilica

Question 306

Sanctuaries that enshrine a relic/tomb of a martyr

Answer 306

Martyrium

Question 307

Large tomb almost temple-like

Answer 307

Mausoleum

Question 308

Used for sacrament of baptism

Answer 308

Baptisteries

Question 309

Large original building with a dome over the central core

Answer 309

Church of San Vitale

Question 310

“Holy Wisdom”; built as a major cathedral in Constantinople; has a domed cross plan; commissioned by Emperor Justinian to Anthemios of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

Answer 310

Hagia Sophia

Question 311

“in the Roman manner”; style of art emerging in Italy i 19th century until advent of Gothic in 12th century; closer to Rome than Gothic

Answer 311

Romanesque

Question 312

Series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem

Answer 312

Crusades

Question 313

Economic system based upon limited land ownership and forced labor

Answer 313

Manorialism

Question 314

Agricultural laborers bound under the feudal system to work on lord’s estate

Answer 314

Serfs

Question 315

Containers of relics

Answer 315

Reliquaries

Question 316

Unique embroidered narrative; resonates the events leading to the Battle of Hastings

Answer 316

Bayeux Tapestry

Question 317

Central support of Medieval doorways

Answer 317

Trumeau

Question 318

Lunette above the door ornamented

Answer 318

Tympanum

Question 319

Western facade decorated with flanking towers, arched doors, multiple stories, ornamental

Answer 319

Westwork

Question 320

Exterior support applied to counter the lateral thrust of the vault

Answer 320

Masonry buttress

Question 321

Distinct form of decoration aimed at relieving otherwise blank walls

Answer 321

Blind arcading

Question 322

Arch struck from one or more centers below the springing line

Answer 322

Segmented

Question 323

Arch resting on an imposts treated as downward continuation of an archivolt

Answer 323

Stilted

Question 324

Forecourt surrounded or flanked by porticoes

Answer 324

Atrium

Question 325

Portico before the nave for the penitents

Answer 325

Narthex

Question 326

Principal or central part of church from narthex to the choir

Answer 326

Nave

Question 327

Any of longitudinal divisions separated from the nave

Answer 327

Aisle

Question 328

Raised platform transverse open space separating nave and the apse

Answer 328

Berna

Question 329

As wide as the nave; forming a square at the crossing

Answer 329

Transept

Question 330

Part of the church occupied by singers

Answer 330

Choir

Question 331

Semi-circular walkway with chapels off it surrounding the sanctuary

Answer 331

Ambo/ ambulatory

Question 332

Appointed place for preaching

Answer 332

Pulpit

Question 333

Semi-circular or polygonal often vaulted recess especially termination of the sanctuary end of the church

Answer 333

Apse

Question 334

Table upon which Eucharist is celebrated

Answer 334

Altar

Question 335

Denotes building or complex of buildings that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as domestic quarters and workplace

Answer 335

Monastery

Question 336

Private residences and fortresses for the lords

Answer 336

Castles

Question 337

Famous for its leaning tower

Answer 337

Cathedral of Pisa

Question 338

Pilgrimage destination for Paul’s pilgrims

Answer 338

Santiago de Compostela Spain

Question 339

Greatest Norman building in England

Answer 339

Durham Cathedral England

Question 340

Royal palace of her majesty in London

Answer 340

Tower of London

Question 341

12th-15th century; elegant, highly decorated and characterized by use of sumptuous, colorful materials; focused on cathedrals and churches

Answer 341

Gothic Period

Question 342

Opus Fragencium

Answer 342

French work

Question 343

Opus Modernum

Answer 343

Modern architecture

Question 344

Method of teaching that dominated the schools of Western Europe from about 1100 until about 1600; students were taught to argue from reason, experience and authority

Answer 344

Scholasticism

Question 345

Abbot of St. Denis Cathedral who may have invented the Gothic style

Answer 345

Abbot Suger

Question 346

“Counterpoise”; weight on one foot; assymetrical

Answer 346

Contrapposto

Question 347

Favorite theme in Gothic painting; Virgin Mary surrounded by angels

Answer 347

Madonna enthroned

Question 348

Painting technique in which the pigments are combined with egg

Answer 348

Tempera technique

Question 349

Colored glass made by mixing metallic oxides into molten, translucent glass or fixing oxides onto surface of clear glass

Answer 349

Stained glass

Question 350

Beneivieni di Pepo; painter and mosaicist; last great Italian artist by Byzantine style; dominated early medieval painting in Italy

Answer 350

Cimabue

Question 351

Student of Cimabue; most important Italian painter of 14th century; works point to innovations of Renaissance style; contribution was unparalleled grasp of human emotion

Answer 351

Giotto

Question 352

Home church of a bishop; usually principal church in a diocese

Answer 352

Cathedral

Question 353

Origin of cathedral; Greek word kathedra means?

Answer 353

Seat or throne

Question 354

Design, construction or presence of doors, windows or openings

Answer 354

Fenestration

Question 355

Circular window with tracery mullions radiating from a central point

Answer 355

Rose window

Question 356

Exterior structure composed of thin half-arches or flyers; supported the wall at the point where the thrust of an interior arch was greatest

Answer 356

Flying buttress

Question 357

Vault that requires less buttressing; compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect forming arrises

Answer 357

Ribbed groin vaults

Question 358

What is an arrise?

Answer 358

Sharp edge formed by meeting 2 curved surfaces

Question 359

What are the arrises called in a ribbed groin vault?

Answer 359

Groins

Question 360

Vault with any small subordinate rib which is inserted between the main ribs more often as an ornament than for reasons of construction

Answer 360

Lierne vault

Question 361

A concave conical vault whose ribs of equal lengths and curvature radiate from the springing like the ribs of a fan

Answer 361

Fan vault

Question 362

Grotesquely carved figures

Answer 362

Gargoyle

Question 363

Column-like support for arches in Gothic church

Answer 363

Pier

Question 364

Pier composed of a conjunction of colonettes generally attached to a central shaft; a clustered column

Answer 364

Compound column

Question 365

Ornamental projections covering the intersection of the ribs

Answer 365

Bosses

Question 366

Projecting carved ornaments in a bud or leaf shape used on the sides of pinnacles and spires

Answer 366

Crockets

Question 367

Brackets set into the wall to carry a beam

Answer 367

Corbels

Question 368

Gothic style characterized by pointed arch and geometric tracery

Answer 368

Early French Style

Question 369

Gothic style characterized by circular windows with radiating lines of tracery

Answer 369

French Rayonnant Style

Question 370

Gothic style characterized by flamelike tracery, intricacy of detailing and frequent complication of interior space

Answer 370

French Flamboyant Style

Question 371

Gothic style characterized by lancet windows and plate tracery

Answer 371

Early English/ Lancet style

Question 372

Gothic style characterized by rich tracery, elaborate ornamental vaulting and refinement of stone cutting techniques

Answer 372

English Decorated Style

Question 373

Gothic style characterized by perpendicular tracery, fine intricate stonework and elaborate fanlike vauts

Answer 373

English Perpendicular/ Rectilinear Style

Question 374

Architectural landmark as it was the first major structure of which a substantial part was designed and built in Gothic style

Answer 374

Abbey Church of St. Denis by Suger

Question 375

Known as France’s “model” church and for its unmatched towers

Answer 375

Cathedral of Notre dame de Chartres

Question 376

Tallest complete cathedral in France with greatest interior volume

Answer 376

Amiens Cathedral, France

Question 377

France built in the High Gothic style; features more window space and the tympanum walls are filled with glass; known for its portals that have porches that cover them

Answer 377

Reims Cathedral

Question 378

Cathedral in England features a magnificent central tower and spire

Answer 378

Salisbury Cathedral

Question 379

Cathedral in Germany; floor space is largest among all Gothic churches

Answer 379

Cologne Cathedral

Question 380

One of the finest examples of late Gothic (Perpendicular) English architecture; features a fan vaulting of the roof

Answer 380

King’s College Chapel

Question 381

Residence of the chief magistrate of Venice; palace built in Venetian Gothic style

Answer 381

Doge’s Palace

Question 382

Literally the house of gold; palace on Grand Canal in Venice, Northern Italy; epitomizes Gothic style in Venice

Answer 382

Ca D’Oro

Question 383

Means rebirth of the art of classic antiquity in Italy in the 14th century; in this period, man was freed from religious restraints of the medieval times

Answer 383

Renaissance Period

Question 384

Ideology that believes that humans, purportedly created in the Judeo-Christian God had been given the ability for rational thought to some meaningful end

Answer 384

Humanism

Question 385

Weakening of the spiritual and political leadership of the Church

Answer 385

Secularism

Question 386

Known as the pre-eminent family of Florence who amassed great wealth in banking; spent great money on architects and artists

Answer 386

The Medici

Question 387

During 15th century; characterized by development of linear perspective, chiaroscuro and in building, by free and inventive use of classical details

Answer 387

Early Renaissance

Question 388

“Light to dark”; uses light and dark to achieve heightened illusion of depth

Answer 388

Chiaroscuro

Question 389

Method of rendering a specific object or figure in a picture in depth; the artist records in varying degrees, the distortion that is seen by the eye when an object or figure is viewed at a distance or at an unusual angle

Answer 389

Foreshortening

Question 390

Often considered as the founder of Renaissance painting by breaking Byzantine tradition of painting to naturalism, humanism and composition; known as first naturalistic painter of Italy

Answer 390

Giotto (Giotto di Bonrdone)

Question 391

First great painter of Italian Renaissance; introduce plasticity previously unseen in figure painting

Answer 391

Masaccio (Tomaso Guidi)

Question 392

Dominican monk with religious art; use of luminous gem-like colors, diffused light slender forms

Answer 392

Fra Angelico (Guido di Pietto da Mugello)

Question 393

More concerned with physical beauty than the insight of spiritual depth

Answer 393

Fra (Lippo) Lippi

Question 394

Stories and characters of classical mythology; works drew from mythological inspirations; classed with sentimental, devotional group

Answer 394

Alessandro Boticelli

Question 395

Most prominent painter of early Renaissance style; perfected process of painting with oil and varnish

Answer 395

Jan van Eyck

Question 396

Sculptor known for sacred themes

Answer 396

Donatello

Question 397

Sculptor; North and east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence

Answer 397

Lorezo Ghiberti

Question 398

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi; with distinctive octagonal design of the double-walled dome resting on a drum; entire dome built without need for scaffolding from ground

Answer 398

The Duomo or Dome of the Cathedral of Florence

Question 399

Built by Giovanni Medici for the poor; basic element is series of round arches, tabernacle windows, rectangular windows surmounted by a pediment; by Brunelleschi

Answer 399

Ospedale Degli Innocenti (Foundling Hospital)

Question 400

Under the instructions of Cosimo de Medici and bought by the Ricardi family at end of 17th century; divided into storeys of decreasing heights by string cornices; used dressed stone; open colonnaded court; pediment window added by Michelozzo; by Brunelleschi and Michelozzo

Answer 400

Palazzo Medici-Ricardi

Question 401

Leon Batista Alberti applied classical orders of columns to facade on three levels; 1446-1451

Answer 401

Palazzo Rucellai

Question 402

Built by Lucca Pitti; largest palace in Italy aside from the Vatican

Answer 402

Palazzo Pitti

Question 403

Represented culmination and convergence of talent; emphasis on draftsmanship, the illusion of sculptural volume in painting

Answer 403

Italian Renaissance

Question 404

Best known as a painter; attempted to unite science with art; used sfumato

Answer 404

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 405

Modeling technique which consisted of blurring sharp outline with subtle, tonal gradations, imparting a mysterious enigmatic quality

Answer 405

Sfumato

Question 406

Trained in Florence; best known as painter and sculptor; used knowledge to glorify God; created a style which laid the foundation for Baroque-Mannerism; Sistine Chapel ceiling

Answer 406

Michelangelo Buonarotti

Question 407

Trained in Umbria; studied in Florence; painted beautiful, gentle, calm women in a courteous manner

Answer 407

Raphael (Rafaello Sanzio)

Question 408

Most famous of the Venetian renaissance painters

Answer 408

Giorgionne

Question 409

Leader of 16th century Venetian school of Italian Renaissance

Answer 409

Titian

Question 410

Known as Leonardo of the North; woodcuts and engravings

Answer 410

Albrecht Durer

Question 411

Greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century; known for his landscapes and peasant scenes

Answer 411

Pieter Bruegel The Elder

Question 412

Meaning small temple; marked the spot of St. Peter’s crucifixion; by Donato Bramante

Answer 412

Tempietto

Question 413

By Michelangelo; composed of the Palace of the Senate, the Conservatory and the Capitoline Museum where the statue of Marcus Aurelius stood

Answer 413

Capitoline Hill

Question 414

Palace started by Francis I; architecture is a carefully balanced blend of Medieval French; other elements borrowed from Italian Renaissance

Answer 414

Chateau de Chambord

Question 415

Used by kings of France from 12th century; medieval royal hunting lodge; built by Francois I; known for its horseshoe shape entrance staircase

Answer 415

Palais de Fontableau

Question 416

Term given to early Renaissance architecture in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I

Answer 416

Elizabethan Period

Question 417

He introduced Renaissance Classicism into England; influenced by Andrea Palladio

Answer 417

Inigo Jones

Question 418

Has numerous and large mullioned windows typically English Renaissance while the loggia is Italian

Answer 418

Hardwick Hall

Question 419

Example of English Palladianism by Inigo Jones; former royal residence for Anne of Denmark

Answer 419

Queen’s House

Question 420

Term applied to exaggerated styles, striking visual effects characterized by elongated or over muscular figures set in extravagantly contorted panes; revolt against the fundamental design principles of classicism of clarity, visibility and stability

Answer 420

Mannerism

Question 421

For his phenomenal energy in painting, he was termed as IL Furioso and his dramatic use of perspectival space and special lighting effects make him precursor of baroque art; Venice’s Master of Mannerism

Answer 421

Tintoretto

Question 422

Comprise the triumvate of pre-eminent Venetian painters of the late Renaissance

Answer 422

Veronese, Titian and Tintoretto

Question 423

Known as supreme colorist and for his illusionistic decorations in both fresco and oil; elaborate narrative cycles

Answer 423

Veronese

Question 424

Excelled in cool, mannerist portraits

Answer 424

Agnolo Bronzino

Question 425

Italian architect regarded as the greatest architect of 16th century in northern Italy

Answer 425

Andrea Palladio

Question 426

Characterized by the exaggeration of classic features in a square building with pillared portico on each face leading to a central circular hall with dome

Answer 426

Villa Capra

Question 427

Became the official architecture style in France in the 17th-18th centuries with its capital at Versailles; asymmetrical compositions, powerful effects of a movement, strong lighting; dramatic interpretations

Answer 427

Baroque style

Question 428

The Sun King

Answer 428

Louis XIV

Question 429

Founded by royal minister Jean Baptiste Colbert to manipulate imagery for political advantage

Answer 429

The Royal Academy in France

Question 430

Minister of Finance, organized a system for the development of decorative arts when he built Chateau Vaux-le Vicomte

Answer 430

Nicholas Fouquet

Question 431

By Le Brun, Jules Mansart and Le Vau; most famous royal chateau in France; ‘creation by division’

Answer 431

Palace at Versailles

Question 432

East front by Le Vau and Claude Perrault; actual seat of power in France until Louis XIV moved to Versailles in 1682; formal seat of government to the end of the Ancient Regime

Answer 432

Louvre Palace, Paris

Question 433

Church built by Queen Anne after birth of Louis XIV; projecting portal by Francois Mansart; dome by Le Mercier

Answer 433

Church of Val de Grace

Question 434

He used dramatic, realistic and chiaroscuro technique

Answer 434

Michelangelo Caravaggio

Question 435

Use of sharply contrasting light and dark; use of very dark, overall tonality of the painting

Answer 435

Tenebrism

Question 436

The greatest Flemish painter of the Baroque; most prolific painter produced about 2,000 paintings

Answer 436

Peter Paul Rubens

Question 437

Specialized aristocratic portraiture with details of silken fabrics, fine laces and trimmings

Answer 437

Anthony Van Dyck

Question 438

Painted portraits and scenes of genre and religious subjects; development of artificial and unique technique of handling light and shadow

Answer 438

Rembrandt van Rijn

Question 439

Graded transitions from light to dark with shadows in warm colors

Answer 439

Rembrandt lighting

Question 440

The “little Dutch master”, next to Rembrandt; focus on women at some household chore

Answer 440

Jan Vermeer

Question 441

Influenced by Michelangelo and by intensity and animation of mannerist and baroque paintings

Answer 441

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Question 442

Originated in Italy during early 17th century; characterized by free and sculptural use of the classical orders and ornament, dynamic opposition and interpretation of spaces

Answer 442

Baroque

Question 443

Meaning odd shape; imperfect pearl

Answer 443

Baroco

Question 444

Columns with twisted shaft

Answer 444

Solomonic columns

Question 445

By Bernini; facade by Carlo Madera; baldachino and piazza by Bernini surrounded by 284 columns in Tuscan style

Answer 445

St. Peter’s Basilica

Question 446

Over the tomb of St. Peter by Bernini

Answer 446

Baldachino

Question 447

1760; by Bernini; largest Baroque fountain in Rome

Answer 447

The Fountain of Trevi

Question 448

by Francisco Borromini; featured alteration of concave and convex elements in the facade and a drum that supported an oval dome

Answer 448

S.Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

Question 449

Roman Catholic Church designed by Baldassare Longhena; vast octagonal building with two domes and pair of pisturesque bell towers at the back

Answer 449

S. Maria della Salute

Question 450

by Giacom o Vignola; mother church of the Society of Jesus; Jesuits; first truly Baroque facade

Answer 450

Church of II Gesu

Question 451

Charles III as patron; style known for its awkwardness and overly ornate handling of French Baroque characteristics

Answer 451

English baroque

Question 452

1675; by Christopher Wren; largest cathedral in England; dome is an adapted and enlarged versions of the Tempietto of Bramante; lower levels more Palladian

Answer 452

St. Paul’s Cathedral

Question 453

One of the premier stately homes of England; baroque masterpiece, more palace than house; conceived by Charles Howard; 2 unbalanced wings

Answer 453

Castle Howard

Question 454

Built by John Vanbrugh; aided by Nicholas Hawksmoor; begun in 1705; English Baroque style

Answer 454

Blenheim Palace

Question 455

Originating in France in 1720; distinguished by fanciful carved spatial forms and elaborate, profuse designs of shellwork and foliage; during reign of Louis XV

Answer 455

French Rococo

Question 456

Meaning rockwork

Answer 456

Rocaille

Question 457

Meaning shellwork

Answer 457

Cocaille

Question 458

18th century was known as Age of __________

Answer 458

Enlightenment

Question 459

Leading Rococo painter from Flanders

Answer 459

Antoine Watteau

Question 460

Calls on classical imagery to provide a more serious underpinning for frivolous erotic themes

Answer 460

Jean-Honore Fragonard

Question 461

Took contemporary manners and social conventions as the subject of his satire

Answer 461

William Hogarth

Question 462

English painter of portraits, landscapes and fancy pictures; worked with light and rapid brush strokes and delicate and evanescent colors

Answer 462

Thomas Gainsborough

Question 463

Created light-hearted terracotta sculptures

Answer 463

Clodion

Question 464

Small chateau located at the grounds of Palace of Versailles; designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriels by the order of Louis XV for his long-term mistress, Madame de Pompadour; 1726-1768

Answer 464

Petit Trianon

Question 465

Works are characterized by shallow recesses with rounded corners and ornamentation employing shell motifs, leafy scrolls and classical busts in medallions

Answer 465

Nicolas Pineau

Question 466

Classicism prevailing in the architecture of Europe, America and various European colonies during late 18th and early 19th century; intro and widespread use of Greek and Roman orders and decorative motifs; simple, strongly geometric compositions and frequent shallowness of relief

Answer 466

Neoclassicism

Question 467

Art director of Napoleon

Answer 467

Jacques Louis David

Question 468

Fondness for rich colors and textures; submerged brushstrokes and the smooth highly finished surfaces

Answer 468

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Question 469

Greatest of the French classicists; sought the ideals of form and subject matter; of landscapes with figures of light with color and mood

Answer 469

Nicolas Poussin

Question 470

Considered by some to be the greatest of the 18th century French painters; was anti-rococo; favoured simple, still lives and unsentimental domestic interiors

Answer 470

Jean Baptiste Chardin

Question 471

Displays the sweeping grandeur of and idealization of the Neoclassic style

Answer 471

Antonio Canova

Question 472

Name given in most English speaking countries; first 4 British monarchs of the House of Hanover

Answer 472

Classical Block/Georgian

Question 473

Intended as Pantheon by order of Napoleon; imitation of Greek colonnaded temple with a Roman style podium

Answer 473

The Madeleine, Paris

Question 474

Remodeled by Louis Le Van; patterned after a Greek cross plan; home and hospital for aged and unwell soldiers

Answer 474

Church of Les Invalides

Question 475

Architecture of the Moors and native Andalusians who remained in Christian territory but were not converted to Christianity; 12th-16th century

Answer 475

Mudejar

Question 476

Style with extremely decorated facades that brought to mind the decorative motifs of the intricately detailed work silversmiths, the Plateros

Answer 476

Plateresque

Question 477

Period of austere renaissance style; unornamented; prominent architect was Juan de Herrera

Answer 477

Desornamentado

Question 478

Painted austere religious subjects inspired by Jesuit fanaticism; Spain’s principal mannerist; elongated figures with grave expressions

Answer 478

El Greco (Domenicos Theotocopolus)

Question 479

Designs were called severe; harmonious proportions; style suitable to the particular building

Answer 479

Juan de Herrera

Question 480

Known for its plateresque facade; unknown architect

Answer 480

University of Salamanca

Question 481

Historical residence of the King of Spain; designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera

Answer 481

The Escorial

Question 482

One of the most impressive building constructed using plateresque influence and was built in 1528 by de Siloe

Answer 482

Granada Cathedral

Question 483

Golden Age of Spanish Art; Work reflects naturalism of the time; dramatic light and shade contrasts and their sobriety of color

Answer 483

Baroque/ Churiguerresque Style

Question 484

Revolted against the sobriety of the Herreresque classicism and promoted an intricate, exaggerated, almost capricious style; extremely rich ornamentation

Answer 484

Jose de Churiguerra

Question 485

Leading Baroque artist in 17th century Spain and royal painter to Philip IV

Answer 485

Diego Velasquez

Question 486

Spanish court painter; poignant depiction of the brutality and corruption of the time

Answer 486

Francisco de Goya

Question 487

Front of the Baroque facade of the original Romanesque cathedral, a golden molluse shell adorns the altar

Answer 487

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

Question 488

Style of English settlers in the eastern coast of North America; small cottages with clapboard siding, a thatched roof and chimney made from twigs finished with wattle-and-daub

Answer 488

Early Colonial

Question 489

What’s wattle and what’s daub?

Answer 489

Wattle: wooden strip
Daub: sticky material (sand, soil, straw, clay, animal dung)

Question 490

Has an overhanging second storey, small windows and a central chimney

Answer 490

New England ‘Hall and Parlor’ plan

Question 491

Has steep pitched roofs essential for allowing rain and snow to run off easily

Answer 491

Garrison Colonial

Question 492

Developed from the hall and parlor or Garrison style with the addition of an ell or lean-to on the back

Answer 492

New England Saltbox

Question 493

English-inspired colonial architecture; marked by greater concern for style and higher standards of comfort; associated with the emergence of a wealthy middle class; 1746-1776

Answer 493

American Georgian

Question 494

1783-1815; period important to the establishment of United Statement; saw the end of the revolution; creation of Articles of Confederation; finally Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights

Answer 494

Federal Style

Question 495

American founding father and principal author of The Declaration of Independence, statesman and third president; involved in design and construction of US Capitol Building

Answer 495

Thomas Jefferson

Question 496

Architects of US Capitol Building

Answer 496

William Thornton,
Benjamin Henry Latrobe,
Charles Bulfinch

Question 497

Famous cast iron dome of US Capitol Building designed by whom?

Answer 497

Thomas Ustick Walter

Question 498

Thomas Jefferson’s house outside Charlottesville; neoclassical touch and style

Answer 498

The Monticello

Question 499

Reign of Queen Victoria of England; cast-iron framing; utilitarian structures

Answer 499

Victorian Era

Question 500

For the Great Exhibition in 1851; made of prefabricated iron and glass panels

Answer 500

Crystal Palace

Question 501

Designer of Crystal Palace

Answer 501

Joseph Paxton

Question 502

By Henri Labrouste; use of slender cast-iron columns over which nine vaulted sky-lighted domes were suspended

Answer 502

National Library, Paris

Question 503

Iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris; named after the engineer whose company built and designed this tower; built for 1889 International Exhibition, Paris, the centenary celebration of the French Revolution

Answer 503

Eiffel Tower

Question 504

One of the symbols of the Imperial regime; ornate building richly decorated with friezes, columns and winged figures; richness continues inside with velvet, gold leaf and nymphs and cherubs

Answer 504

Paris Opera House

Question 505

Designer of Paris Opera House

Answer 505

Charles Garnier

Question 506

Late 18th century; flourishing mainly in 19th century in France, Germany, England, US

Answer 506

Gothic Revival

Question 507

True Principles of Christian or Pointed Architecture; 1841

Answer 507

Augustus Pugin

Question 508

Leading architect whose genius lay on restoration; believed in restoring buildings to a state of completion that they would not have known even when they were first built

Answer 508

Eugene Viollet le due

Question 509

Collaboration between Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin; meeting place of two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom- House of Lords and House of Commons; uses Perpendicular Gothic Style

Answer 509

Westminster Palace

Question 510

Two landmarks in Westminster Palace

Answer 510

Victoria Tower

Big Ben

Question 511

First truly national style in US; 1818-1850; very adaptable and permeated all levels of building

Answer 511

Greek Revival Style

Question 512

Characterized by strong, associational values of religion and nature; revival style based on English and French precedents from late 12th-15th century; found in both ecclesiastical and residential architecture

Answer 512

Gothic Revival

Question 513

Exalted individualism, subjectivism, irrationalism, imagination and nature; emotions over reasons and senses over intellect; first used by German poets and writers August Wilhem and Friedrich Schlogel; 1790-1850

Answer 513

Romanticism

Question 514

Usually painted with watercolor over prints

Answer 514

William Blake

Question 515

Famous for his portraits of important figures in colonial New England, particularly men and women of middle class; portray subjects with artifacts

Answer 515

John Singleton Copley

Question 516

French Romanticist; revealed an interest in human psychology and sense of revolt against political and social pressures

Answer 516

Theodore Gerricault

Question 517

Derived subjects from masterworks of western literature; characterized by large sweeps of color, lively patterns and energetic figure groups

Answer 517

Eugene Delacrois

Question 518

English Romantic painter; known for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale; area surrounding his home “Constable Country”

Answer 518

John Constable

Question 519

Art style that started in France in 1850s; accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life; 1850-1880; aka Age of Rationalism and Imperialism, Age of Science and Doubt, Age of Progress and Victorian Age

Answer 519

Realism

Question 520

Group of international artists in Paris which began to devise new methods of pictorial representation; focused on scientific concepts of vision and study of optical effects of light; express taste of democracy and rejection of the inherent old artistic tradition

Answer 520

The Realists

Question 521

Group of French landscape artists ones of first found outside the Academy; named after the forest of Fontainebleau near the village; helped establish landscape and motif of country style

Answer 521

Barbizon School

Question 522

English painters, poets and critics grouped to reform art by rejecting practices of contemporary academic British art; considered the first avante-garde movement in art; believed that the only great art was before High Renaissance, before Raphael; condemned art of idealization and promoted works based on real landscapes and models

Answer 522

Pre-Raphaellite Brotherhood

Question 523

First American school of landscape painting; subjects were spectacles of the Hudson River Valley and upper state of New York

Answer 523

Hudson River School

Question 524

Considered the first French Realist; believed artists could accurately represent only their experience; socialist principles and experiences of the present

Answer 524

Gustave Courbet

Question 525

Flat stone or metal plate printing using oil and ink

Answer 525

Litography

Question 526

Litographer and cartoonist, satirized Parisian officials, city life and classical tradition that lingered; famous for his satirical caricatures

Answer 526

Honore Daumier

Question 527

Movement in French painting sometimes called optical realism; almost scientific interest in the actual visual experience and effect of light and movement on appearance of objects; attempt to accurately and objectively record visual reality in terms of transient effects of light and color; late 1860s to late 1880s

Answer 527

Impressionism

Question 528

Landscape impressionist and leader of pleinarists; painting a single subject a number of times in varying lights and seasons

Answer 528

Claude Monet

Question 529

People who believed in working outdoors

Answer 529

Pleinarists

Question 530

Painted with full brush and full strokes, placement of colors side by side, placing a concentration of light on an important feature

Answer 530

Edouard Monet

Question 531

Worked in pastels and oil; adopted diagonal viewpoint and abrupt cutting of composition; fave subject was ballet

Answer 531

Edgar Degas

Question 532

Artist of genre and portrait of real people; interested in interplay of colors caused by flickerings of sunshine and shadow and his tone harmonies are attained by innumerable light refractions

Answer 532

Pierre August Renoir

Question 533

Sculptor; interested in conveying dynamic, experimental process rather than finished work itself

Answer 533

Rodin

Question 534

Late 19th century; reaction against empirical realism of Impressionism; applied scientific optical principles of light and color to create strictly formalized compositions

Answer 534

Neo Impressionism

Question 535

Originated the pointilism technique

Answer 535

George Pierre Seurat

Question 536

Other term for pointilism

Answer 536

Confettiism

Question 537

Movement providing an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the Impressionists, inspiring surrealists

Answer 537

Symbolism

Question 538

Applied paint smoothly; colors are bright in flat, unmodeled shapes; painted tropical landscapes and brown-skinned natives

Answer 538

Paul Gaugain

Question 539

Theory of art that posted works of art ought to blend three primary elements; outward appearance of subject; artist’s emotional reaction to the subject and artistic choices of color, form and line

Answer 539

Synthetism

Question 540

Pre-cubism; simple handling of masses and planes given depth by structure, color and unconventional perspective

Answer 540

Paul Cezanne

Question 541

Used to describe paintings depicting wild beasts in the use of brilliant luminous colors and bold, spontaneous handling of paint

Answer 541

Fauvism

Question 542

Wild beast

Answer 542

Fauve

Question 543

Leader of the fauves; paintings have extraordinarily decorative quality with flat-patterned compositions in pure colors

Answer 543

Henri Matisse

Question 544

Movement that originated in England in 1860 as a reaction against poor quality mass-produced goods; wanted English homes made by honest English craftsmen

Answer 544

Arts and Crafts Movement

Question 545

Design movement of the mid-19th century that emphasized the decorative use of materials and textures and the development of ornament as an integral part of structure

Answer 545

Rationalism

Question 546

Leader of the Arts and Crafts movement; born to a wealthy family in London; became associated with the Raphaelite Movement

Answer 546

William Morris

Question 547

Towering rectangular block with almost no decoration, an austere statement and bold break away from the traditional methods of architectural adornment; by Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Answer 547

Glasgow School of Art

Question 548

Deliberate attempt at expressing surface textures of ordinary materials such as stone and tiles, with an asymmetrical and quaint building composition; by Philip Webb

Answer 548

The Red House

Question 549

Style of fine and applied arts characterized by fluid, undulating motifs derived from natural forms; 1880-1914

Answer 549

Art Nouveau

Question 550

Art Nouveau in France after Hector Guimard

Answer 550

Syle Guimard

Question 551

Art Nouveau in Italy; floral style

Answer 551

Stile Floreale

Question 552

Art Nouveau after British designer Arthur Lassen by Liberty from Liberty and Co.

Answer 552

Stile Liberty

Question 553

Art Nouveau in Spanish version

Answer 553

Modernismo

Question 554

Art Nouveau in Austria

Answer 554

Sezzesionistil

Question 555

Art Nouveau in German speaking countries for “Youth Style”

Answer 555

Jugendstil

Question 556

By Victor Horta; known for its highly-decorated stairwell which makes a refined play on the vegetable and flower forms

Answer 556

Hotel Tassel, Brussels

Question 557

Apartment block with undulating forms and cast-iron balconies; by Antonio Gaudi

Answer 557

Casa Mila

Question 558

By Gaudi; built since 1882 and is supposed to be finished in 2026; combined Gothic and Art Nouveau elements; Temple of the Holy Spirit

Answer 558

The Sagrada Familia

Question 559

By Hector Guimard; architectural forms draw inspiration from nature, most noticeable in the plant stems that support the sign; organic form with new cast-iron fabrication

Answer 559

Paris Metro Entrance

Question 560

Style of decorative art developed in 1920s with a revival in 1960s; geometric motifs, streamlined, curvilinear forms, sharply-defined outline often bold colors and use of synthetic materials

Answer 560

Art Deco

Question 561

Briefly the world’s tallest building before it was overtaken by the Empire State Building in 1931; now the second tallest building in NYC; distinctive ornamentation based on Chrysler automobiles

Answer 561

Chrysler Building

Question 562

By Shreve Lamb and Harmon architect; a 102-story skyscraper located in NYC; stood as the world’s tallest building for 40 years from its completion in 1931 until construction of World’s North Tower was completed in 1972

Answer 562

Empire State building

Question 563

Opposition to academic standards and emphasized artistic subjective emotion which overrides fidelity to the actual appearance of things; late 19th century to early 20th century

Answer 563

Expressionism

Question 564

Dough/paste; thick layers of paint

Answer 564

Impasto

Question 565

Greatest Dutch painter since the Baroque times; subjects reflected a social consciousness reminiscent of Realism; use of powerful brushstrokes

Answer 565

Vincent Van Gogh

Question 566

Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intense, evocative treatment of psychological and emotional themes was a major influence on the development of German Expressionism in the early 20th century

Answer 566

Edward Munch

Question 567

Movement of conscious and methodological destruction of particular and recognizable in appearance; artistic elimination of rational visual association; 1910-1920

Answer 567

Abstraction

Question 568

Influential Russian painter and art theorist; painting purely abstract works

Answer 568

Wassily Kandinsky

Question 569

Showed objects in their basic geometric shapes

Answer 569

Cubism

Question 570

French painter and leader of Cubism; works incorporated the Cubist aim of representing the world as seen from a number of different viewpoints

Answer 570

Georges Braque

Question 571

Spanish painter and sculptor; co-founder of Cubism; father of collage

Answer 571

Pablo Picasso

Question 572

Textural effects using paper and other materials in composition

Answer 572

Collage

Question 573

Picasso’s concurrent presentation of 2/3 side of an object

Answer 573

Simultaneity in art

Question 574

Period in Picasso art where he painted beggars and miserable humanity

Answer 574

Blue period

Question 575

Period in Picasso art where he painted circus subjects

Answer 575

Rose period

Question 576

More associated with Dadaism and Surrealism; first forayed in Cubism; Nude Descending a Staircase

Answer 576

Marcel Duchamp

Question 577

Early phase of cubism founded by Picasso and Braque; chiefly characterized by pronounced use of geometric shapes and tendency toward monochromatic use of color; artists invented specific shapes and characteristic details that would represent the whole object or person

Answer 577

Analytic

Question 578

Symbolic style of art that is more colorful than earlier analytic form of Cubism; wide variety of extraneous materials; particularly associated with Picasso’s novel technique of collage and Braque’s papier colles

Answer 578

Synthetic

Question 579

School of art founded in Netherlands in 1917 marked especially by use of black and white with primary colors, rectangular forms and asymmetry; from name of magazine published by participants in the movement

Answer 579

De Stijl

Question 580

Founders of De Stijl

Answer 580

• Architect Gerrit Rietveld
• Theo Van Doesburg
• Piet Mondrian

Question 581

Recognized as the purest and most methodical of the early abstractionists; radically simplified the elements of his art; black, white and three primary colors as color palette; asymmetrical balance and a simplified pictorial vocabulary

Answer 581

Piet Mondrian

Question 582

By Gerrit Rietveld; facades are collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from and seem to glide past one another; no static accumulation of rooms but a dynamic, changeable open zone

Answer 582

Schroder House

Question 583

Deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement from the past occurring in the course of 20th century; rejection of historical styles; form follows function

Answer 583

Modernism/ Modern Style

Question 584

School of design established in Neimar, Germany in 1919 by Walter Gropius; moved to Dessau in 1926 and closed in 1933 as a result of Nazi hostility; emphasis on functional design; asymmetry and regularity; 1919-1933

Answer 584

Bauhaus Design

Question 585

German architect and founder of Bauhaus School; one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture

Answer 585

Walter Gropius

Question 586

Principal exponent of the International style; pioneer for skyscrapers; extreme clarity and simplicity

Answer 586

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Question 587

Director of cabinetmaking workshop at Bauhaus; reputation based on invention of tubular steel furniture, one big residence, two apartment houses, some shop interiors and several competition entries

Answer 587

Marcel Breuer

Question 588

By Peter Behrens; founded in Berlin in 1883; pioneered modern, large-scale industrial development

Answer 588

AEG Turbine Factory

Question 589

Designer of Bauhaus buildings

Answer 589

Walter Gropius

Question 590

First project of Walter Gropius; rectilinear volume with glazed facade

Answer 590

Fagus Shoe Factory

Question 591

Architectural style that is minimalist in concept, devoid of regional characteristics, stresses functionalism and rejects all non-essential decorative elements; emphasizes horizontal aspects of building

Answer 591

International Style

Question 592

Pioneer of International Style

Answer 592

Philip Johnson

Question 593

Established the credo “Form follows function”; father of modernism

Answer 593

Louis Sullivan

Question 594

Defined a North American style of architecture which was rich in emotion and sensitive to its surroundings; apprentice of Sullivan

Answer 594

Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 595

Architecture as an extension of the environment

Answer 595

Organic architecture

Question 596

Style of American domestic architecture characterized by two-story height with wings and/or porches of one story; low, horizontal appearance, central portion usually higher than the adjacent flanking wings

Answer 596

Prairie style

Question 597

Kauffman residence; built on waterfalls; harmony between man and nature

Answer 597

Falling Water, Pennsylvania

Question 598

Created as a series of organic shapes; circular forms spiral down like the interior of a nautilus shell; visitors begin on the upper level and follow a sloping ramp downward

Answer 598

Guggenheim Museum, New York

Question 599

Aka administration building; constructed of more than 200 sizes and shapes of bricks; light shines into building through several layers of glass tubes that cannot be seen through

Answer 599

Johnson Wax Administration Building, Wisconsin

Question 600

Made up from easy to assemble, pre-fabricated wood sandwich panels designed to be erected in a simple construction

Answer 600

Usonian houses

Question 601

Known universally as “Corbu” (raven); described house as a machine for living in

Answer 601

Le Corbusier

Question 602

Real name of Le Corbusier

Answer 602

Charles Edouard Jeanneret

Question 603

Column of iron, steel or reinforced concrete supporting a building above an open ground level

Answer 603

Pilotis

Question 604

By Le Corbusier; weekend house known for allowing sunlight to pour into the main living quarters and the windows and roof terraces afford views out across the French countryside

Answer 604

Villa Savoye, Poissy

Question 605

By Le Corbusier; housing block described as “great ocean liner”

Answer 605

Unite d’Habitation

Question 606

Chapel with a structure that is made mostly of concrete and is comparatively small, enclosed by thick walls with upturned roof supported on columns like a sail billowing in the windy currents

Answer 606

Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp

Question 607

By a committee of architects headed by Wallace K Harrison; largest of four buildings; the 39 story, 544 ft (166m) tall slab has become a worldwide symbol of the United Nations; green-glass curtain tower was first of its kind in New York

Answer 607

UN Headquarters

Question 608

Movement aimed at ridiculing and destroying the idea of art; importance lies in its break with outmoded ways to gain new freedom for the artist in his search for new meaning and fun

Answer 608

Dadaism

Question 609

Artistic movement in hunt of science of expression of the subconscious; as a movement it came to begin after French poet Andre Breton after he published Manifesto de Surrealisme (1924)

Answer 609

Surrealism

Question 610

Works: Persistence of Memory, The Temptation of St. Anthony

Answer 610

Salvador Dali

Question 611

Movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions

Answer 611

Abstract Expressionism

Question 612

Term coined by critic Harold Rosenberg to describe work of certain members of the New York School

Answer 612

Action Painting

Question 613

Most significant style to emerge in America in the 60s whose popular imagery was derived from commercial resources, mass media and everyday life

Answer 613

Pop Art

Question 614

Startled the art world in 1962 by exhibiting paintings based on a comic book cartoons

Answer 614

Roy Lichtenstein

Question 615

Leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art; works explore relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement that flourished in the 1960s

Answer 615

Andy Warhol

Question 616

Works: Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?

Answer 616

Richard Hamilton

Question 617

Recognizable object is totally eliminated in favor of geometric abstraction; artists produce kinetic effects

Answer 617

Op Art

Question 618

1970s; Movement in reaction to principles and practices of modernism, encouraging the use of elements from historical vernacular styles and often playful illusion, decoration and complexity

Answer 618

Post Modernism

Question 619

Published the manifesto, Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (1966) that announced “less is a bore”

Answer 619

Roberto Venturi

Question 620

Developed a wide-ranging eclecticism in which he abstracted historical forms and emphasized use of color; generates ironic, vision of Classicism

Answer 620

Michael Graves

Question 621

Man who brought Van der Rohe to the States and introduced New York to the Modern Style; dubbed International Style

Answer 621

Philip Johnson

Question 622

Style that goals to liberate the maximum volume of space inside by positioning all its working stairs, lifts, escalators etc. outside the interior envelope of the building

Answer 622

High Tech

Question 623

Other term for High Tech

Answer 623

Structural Expressionism

Question 624

Uncompromising exploration of technological innovations and forms; designs emphasize repetition of industrialized “modular” units in which prefabricated off-site manufactured elements are frequently employed

Answer 624

Norman Foster

Question 625

Interest is in uninterrupted interior spaces; total flexibility and obvious technical imagery termed as Late Modern

Answer 625

Richard Rogers

Question 626

Investigated the world of machine and the properties of timber, brick and plywood

Answer 626

Renzo Piano

Question 627

First High Tech monument; modern art gallery; by Richard Rogers

Answer 627

Pompidou Center, Paris

Question 628

Curved structures made of glass, stainless steel and laminated timber; by Renzo Piano

Answer 628

Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center

Question 629

Movement in architecture emphasizing the aesthetic use of basic building processes especially of cast-in-place concrete, with no apparent concern for visual amenity; 1950s; shaped and molded forms of concrete, thick masonry

Answer 629

Brutalism

Question 630

French term where Brutalism was derived from

Answer 630

Beton brut

Question 631

Meaning of beton brut

Answer 631

Rough concrete

Question 632

Evolved from the work of avant garde artists and designers in Germany and other European countries during the first decades of the 20th century; distorted shapes, fragmented lines, organic or biomorphic forms, massive sculpted shapes, extensive use of brick and concrete, lack of symmetry

Answer 632

Expressionism

Question 633

Avant-gardist, modernist approach; first used by architectural theorists Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivrelt

Answer 633

Regionalism

Question 634

Architect of Sydney Opera House

Answer 634

Jon Utzon

Question 635

Approach to building design that attempts view architecture in bits and pieces; basic elements dismantled; ideas borrowed from French philosopher Jacques Derrida

Answer 635

Deconstructivism/ Deconstruction

Question 636

Emphasizes form; architecture interested in visual relationships; focused in shape, often in monumental scale; lines and rigid geometric shapes predominate

Answer 636

Formalism

Question 637

Arts of Mohammedan countries

Answer 637

Islamic Arts

Question 638

5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 638

Shahadah
Salat
Zakat
Sawm
Hajj

Question 639

5 Pillars of Islam

Sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith

Answer 639

Shahadah

Question 640

5 Pillars of Islam

Performing ritual prayers in the proper way; 5 times each day

Answer 640

Salat

Question 641

5 Pillars of Islam

Paying an alms or charity tax to benefit the poor and the needy

Answer 641

Zakat

Question 642

5 Pillars of Islam

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

Answer 642

Sawm

Question 643

5 Pillars of Islam

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Answer 643

Hajj

Question 644

Arabic text; most highly regarded and most fundamental element of of Islamic art

Answer 644

Calligraphy

Question 645

Most primarily used to cover the floors of mosque

Answer 645

Carpet

Question 646

Considered as the Golden Age of carpet production

Answer 646

16th century

Question 647

Produced in Egypt and Iraq; influenced by the Chinese white and porcelain stoneware

Answer 647

Tin-glazed

Question 648

Type of pottery with an over-glaze finish containing copper and silver or other materials that give the effect of iridescence

Answer 648

Luster-painter/ Lustreware

Question 649

Form of decoration made by scratching through a surface to reveal a lower layer of contrasting color, typically done in plaster or stucco on walls or in slip on ceramics before firing

Answer 649

Sgraffito ware

Question 650

Ornamentation attached to ridge of roof, cornice/ parapet; usually metal (iron/copper)

Answer 650

Crestings

Question 651

“A place to prostate”; principal place of worship for Friday prayer

Answer 651

Mosque/Masjid

Question 652

What does a neighborhood mosque or big mosque called?

Answer 652

Jami masjid

Question 653

Theological school; generally arranged around a courtyard

Answer 653

Madrasah

Question 654

Courtyard of a mosque

Answer 654

Sahn

Question 655

Covered area in front of qibla wall

Answer 655

Haram

Question 656

Niche oriented towards Mecca

Answer 656

Mihrab

Question 657

Tribune raised upon columns from which the Koran is recited and prayers are intoned by the Imam of a mosque; like an altar

Answer 657

Dikka

Question 658

Enclosure in a mosque which includes the praying niche made usually of an openwork screen; originally meant for the sultan during public prayers

Answer 658

Maqsura

Question 659

Raised platform for ceremonial announcement

Answer 659

Minbar

Question 660

Open-fronted vault facing a court

Answer 660

Iwan, ivan

Question 661

Tower from which a call to prayer is made

Answer 661

Minaret

Question 662

Axis oriented towards Mecca

Answer 662

Qibla wall

Question 663

Gateway in a mosque

Answer 663

Bab

Question 664

Central area for prayer in a mosque; literally “place for prayer”

Answer 664

Musalla

Question 665

Women’s or private chamber of a house or palace

Answer 665

Harem

Question 666

Men’s or guest’s quarters

Answer 666

Selamlik

Question 667

Originally used as a high point from which to make the call to prayer

Answer 667

Minaret

Question 668

Meaning of adhan

Answer 668

Call to prayer

Question 669

Characterized by multi-patterned ceramic exterior facings; octagonal structure topped with glittering dome that rises over two internal colonnades; believed to be the place to which Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven during the Night Journey to heaven; oldest Islamic monument

Answer 669

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Question 670

Known for its prayer hall comprised of double arcades with which the lower arches are of horseshoe form and have voussoirs of white stone and red brick

Answer 670

Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain

Question 671

White-splendored tomb built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Begum aka Mumtaz Mahal

Answer 671

Taj Mahal, India

Question 672

Largest mosque ever built; has cone-shaped minaret encircled by an outer ramp on the form of a spiral

Answer 672

Great Mosque, Iraq

Question 673

Center of Islamic world and birthplace of both Prophet Muhammad and religion he founded

Answer 673

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Question 674

Focal point of Mecca; “House of God”; believed to be built by Abraham and his son Ishmael; covered in gold-embroidered black fabric

Answer 674

Ka’aba

Question 675

How many times do pilgrims circle Ka’aba?

Answer 675

Seven

Question 676

Corner stone of Ka’aba

Answer 676

Black stone

Question 677

Richly decorated and elaborate palace and fortress

Answer 677

Alhambra, Spain

Question 678

Known as the “Middle Kingdom” because it was thought to be the center of the universe

Answer 678

China

Question 679

Four main social classes in China

Answer 679

Scholar gentry
Peasants
Artisans
Merchants

Question 680

Known as the bronze period for casting bronze or manufacture of medal using clay models; first to bring order/rule over warring states

Answer 680

Shang Dynasty

Question 681

The King was renamed Shi (first) Huangdi (emperor and divine ruler)- unified China by implementing strict laws, taxing everyone and introducing one script for writing, one standard for money, weights and measurements; ordered burning of scholarly books

Answer 681

Qin dynasty

Question 682

3000 life-size foot soldiers buried in the tomb of Qin

Answer 682

Terracotta warriors

Question 683

Founded by Lui Bang; control of the Silk road that linked Asia and Europe; Buddhism started to spread; extension of ancient Chinese boundaries

Answer 683

Han Dynasty

Question 684

Golden Age of Chinese Arts

Answer 684

Tang Dynasty

Question 685

Ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1200°C and 1400°C

Answer 685

Porcelain

Question 686

Type of white porcelain made at Dehua in the Fujian province; produced from Ming dynasty

Answer 686

Blanc de Chine

Question 687

Symbol of vitality and authority in China

Answer 687

Jade

Question 688

Symbol of eternal life; placed on the mouth of a deceased person

Answer 688

Jade cicada

Question 689

Chinese writing done on silk then later paper

Answer 689

Calligraphy

Question 690

Method of painting with pigments dispersed in an emulsion miscible with water, typically egg yolk. The method was used in Europe for fine painting, mainly on wood panels, from the 12th or early 13th century until the 15th, when it began to give way to oils

Answer 690

Tempera

Question 691

Interlocking bracket system

Answer 691

Dou-gong bracket system

Question 692

Principle in Chinese architecture that teaches individualism and transcendence through direct connection with the natural world

Answer 692

Taoism

Question 693

Incomprehensible natural force which all events in the universe unfailingly follow

Answer 693

Tao

Question 694

Principle in Chinese architecture that emphasized strict adherence to social conventions and rituals for the proper functioning of the state

Answer 694

Confucianism

Question 695

Principle in Chinese architecture referring to a path of practice and spiritual development leading to insight into the true nature of reality

Answer 695

Buddhism

Question 696

Upright stone slab with inscriptions

Answer 696

Stele

Question 697

“Life force”; “energy flow”; “air”

Answer 697

Qi

Question 698

Chinese balance and symmetry

Answer 698

Yin-yang

Question 699

Number especially applied in imperial architecture, odd numbers were considered masculine

Answer 699

Number 9

Question 700

Color used in China for the sole use of emperor

Answer 700

Yellow

Question 701

Color used in palace buildings

Answer 701

Green

Question 702

Color used as symbol of happiness and solemnity

Answer 702

Red

Question 703

Zoomorphic symbolism for emperor

Answer 703

Dragon

Question 704

Zoomorphic symbolism for empress

Answer 704

Phoenix

Question 705

Zoomorphic symbolism for guardian of Chinese palatial structures

Answer 705

Lion

Question 706

Structural member found between the top of a column and a cross beam; Chinese Architectural element

Answer 706

Dougong bracket

Question 707

Number of layers of dougong brackets depend on what?

Answer 707

Importance of buildings

Question 708

Ceiling where central deepest part is the round well (jing); middle is the octagonal well and outermost part a square; design symbolizes ancient Chinese belief “Heaven is above and the Earth below” and that “Heaven is round and the Earth square”

Answer 708

Zaojing or caisson ceiling

Question 709

Tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Nepal and other parts of Asia; erected as memorial or to hold relics; originally to hold Buddhist relics

Answer 709

Pagoda

Question 710

Dome shaped monument

Answer 710

Stupa

Question 711

Monumental archway or gateway with one, three or five openings; erected as memorial at the entrance to a palace, tomb or processional way; usually built of stone in imitation of wood construction

Answer 711

Pai-lou or Paifang

Question 712

Covered structures without surrounding walls to allow observation of surroundings

Answer 712

Pavillion

Question 713

Home of 24 Chinese emperors for nearly 500 years; composed of palace complex, Gate of Peace, Qiniandan Hall of Prayer and Hall of Supreme Justice

Answer 713

The Forbidden city

Question 714

Fortified wall of China under Zhou dynasty to protect China against nomads from the north to serve as means of communication; 21,196km; 30 million steps

Answer 714

Great Wall of China

Question 715

China’s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings; built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven; 38 meters in height; 30 meters diameter

Answer 715

The Temple of Heaven

Question 716

Residence for Dalai Lama; rises 200 meters against a hillside; has 9 storeys and is colored white, red and gold leaf

Answer 716

Potala Palace

Question 717

For _____ years, Japan was closed to the outside world; free from foreign influence

Answer 717

200

Question 718

National style of Japan painting based on geometric forms rather than fluid forms of China

Answer 718

Yamato

Question 719

Painting executed on vertical silk rolls

Answer 719

Kakemono

Question 720

Painting executed on horizontal silk rolls

Answer 720

Makimono

Question 721

Genre of Japanese woodblock prints and paintings produced between 17th and 20th centuries featuring motifs of landscapes, tales from history, the theater and pleasure quarters; main artistic genre of wood block printing in Japan

Answer 721

Ukiyo-e

Question 722

Delicate angular flowering branches painted with iron red, two tones of green and blue and subtle touches of gold; Japanese ceramics

Answer 722

Kakiemon-de pattern

Question 723

Strong floral and brocade design painted in heavily saturated colors; Japanese ceramics

Answer 723

Imari pattern

Question 724

Layer upon layer added to base material then polished to a smooth, brilliant surface; gold and silver dust or particles introduced into the top layer before finishing

Answer 724

Lacquerwork

Question 725

Sword of the samurai; characterized by distinctive appearance; curved, single-edged blade with circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands

Answer 725

Katana

Question 726

Sword guards

Answer 726

Tsuba

Question 727

Pommels

Answer 727

Kashira

Question 728

Ring bands

Answer 728

Fuchi

Question 729

Ornate pegs

Answer 729

Menuki

Question 730

Dagger

Answer 730

Kozuka

Question 731

Japan tea ceremony

Answer 731

Chanoyu, sado or ocha

Question 732

What tea is served in Japanese tea ceremonies?

Answer 732

Green tea

Question 733

Tea caddy

Answer 733

Chai-re

Question 734

Hemp cloth

Answer 734

Chakin

Question 735

Whisk

Answer 735

Chasen

Question 736

Tea bowl

Answer 736

Chawan

Question 737

Square silk cloth used for ritual cleansing of Chashaku and Natsume and to handle a ht Kama lid

Answer 737

Fukusa

Question 738

Potable brazier

Answer 738

Furo

Question 739

Ladle

Answer 739

Hishaku

Question 740

Iron pot or kettle

Answer 740

Kama/ Chanovugama

Question 741

Waste water receptacle/ bowl

Answer 741

Kensui

Question 742

Art of cultivating miniature trees

Answer 742

Bonsai

Question 743

Flower arrangement in Japan

Answer 743

Ikebana

Question 744

Art of folding paper

Answer 744

Origami

Question 745

Japanese theater with actors wearing masks

Answer 745

Noh

Question 746

Japanese theater plays with all-actor ensemble wearing heavy make up

Answer 746

Kabuki

Question 747

“The way of the gods”

Answer 747

Shintoism

Question 748

Shinto gods

Answer 748

Kami

Question 749

Open gateway in Shinto temples with two pillars and architrave, found along the approach path to Shinto shrine

Answer 749

Torii gateways

Question 750

Main purpose is for enshrinement and worship of a kami

Answer 750

Shinto temple

Question 751

Building that contains the body of the goshintai

Answer 751

Honden

Question 752

Physical objects worshipped at or near Shinto shrines; body of governing god

Answer 752

Goshintai

Question 753

Hall of worship of Shinto shrine; usually in front of honden; open to laity

Answer 753

Haiden

Question 754

Assembly hall for monks in Japanese buddhist temple where sacred texts are read

Answer 754

Kodo

Question 755

Japanese Buddhist pagoda

Answer 755

To

Question 756

Golden hall where main image of worship is kept in Japanese Buddhist temple

Answer 756

Kondo

Question 757

Principal south gateway to Japanese Buddhist temple

Answer 757

Nandaimon

Question 758

Inner gateway to Japanese Buddhist temple

Answer 758

Chumon

Question 759

Tea houses

Answer 759

Cha-shitsu

Question 760

How are tea houses measured?

Answer 760

Measured between 2 x 4 1/2 tatami

Question 761

Traditional rice straw mat

Answer 761

Tatami

Question 762

Traditional measurement of tatami mat

Answer 762

3 ft x 6 ft

Question 763

Public bathing facility in Japan; known for their temple-style

Answer 763

Sento

Question 764

Most famous and oldest Shinto temple in Japan; enshrines the sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, believed to be the ancestor of Japanese imperial family

Answer 764

Ise Shrine

Question 765

Most impressive of fortified residences, has 6 storeys with pentroofs and curving eaves; created by the samurai under the Shogunate

Answer 765

Himeji castle

Question 766

Any product obtained through action of fire upon any material

Answer 766

Pottery

Question 767

Found in Tabon caves of Palawan; funerary vessel with incised designs around its body; its cover had a boat containing two figures to symbolize the prehistoric Filipino’s journey to the afterlife

Answer 767

Manunggul Jar

Question 768

Ilocano term for large earthenware, mainly used for fermentation and storage of liquid

Answer 768

Burnay

Question 769

Southern Tagalog tern for water container for kitchen

Answer 769

Tapayan

Question 770

Filipino cookware

Answer 770

Palayok

Question 771

Storage for drinking water; Filipino

Answer 771

Banga

Question 772

Red, high polished tiles associated with the Spanish colonial housing

Answer 772

Vigan tiles

Question 773

Weaving tradition of T’boli people of South Cotabato; cloth woven from abaca fibers

Answer 773

T’nalak

Question 774

Style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process

Answer 774

Ikat

Question 775

Meaning “twill” in Ilocano; variation of abel; interlocked geometric patterns that result in psychedelic optical art designs which represent waves of the sea and among indigenous peoples of Cordilleras, protection against malevolent spirits

Answer 775

Binacol

Question 776

Woven fabric of cotton yarns with floral design created by artisans of northern provinces of Philippines

Answer 776

Inabel/ Abel Iloco

Question 777

Yakan people technicolor geometric weaves; example is malong

Answer 777

Inaul

Question 778

Hand woven cloth of made of silk or cotton and square in form with geometric patterns; multi-purpose headdress, may be worn on shoulder, knotted around the hilt of sword or kris or tied around the head

Answer 778

Pis Siyabit

Question 779

Process of making basket which is a receptacle made of interwoven fibrous material

Answer 779

Basketry

Question 780

Ifugao fertility jewelry used as necklace pendant or earring; often given as wedding gift

Answer 780

Ling-ling-o

Question 781

Maranao ceremonial vessel for wedding gifts

Answer 781

Gadur

Question 782

Traditional brass or bronze vessel

Answer 782

Galang

Question 783

Betel nut containers

Answer 783

Lotoan

Question 784

Ifugao wood carving of their rice god

Answer 784

Bulul

Question 785

Central or king post in Ifugao house of the same carved human figure as the bulul

Answer 785

Kinib-bigat/ kinabagat

Question 786

Ifugao wooden bench

Answer 786

Hagabi

Question 787

Ifugao pig sculptures

Answer 787

Binabuy

Question 788

Leaf and vine pattern associated with Mindanaon woodcarving

Answer 788

Ukkil (Tausug)

Okir (Maranao)

Question 789

Bird or cock form; symbol of messenger

Answer 789

Sarimanok

Question 790

Considered to have sheltered the earliest men of the Philippines

Answer 790

Tabon cave, Palawan

Question 791

Earliest known Philippine mural

Answer 791

Cave dwellings in Angono, Rizal

Question 792

2000 year old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao

Answer 792

Cordillera Rice Terraces

Question 793

Botanic windscreen with a windpole support

Answer 793

Lean-to dwelling

Question 794

Style of dwelling of the lowland areas comprised of triangular roof, free-standing support and elevated house cube

Answer 794

Bahay kubo

Question 795

Front porch in bahay kubo

Answer 795

Balkon

Question 796

Multi-purpose main room in in bahay kubo

Answer 796

Bulwagan

Question 797

Bedroom in bahay kubo

Answer 797

Silid

Question 798

Roofless back porch that serves as cleaning area and wash room in bahay kubo

Answer 798

Batalan

Question 799

Ivatan traditional house of stone and mortar, 1 1/2 m thk cogon thatch roof and a big roof net (“panpet”); Batanes type housing

Answer 799

Rakuh

Question 800

Isneg one-room abode with a large concave roof that resembles an inverted traditional Isneg boat

Answer 800

Binuron

Question 801

Kalinga octagonal house

Answer 801

Binayon

Question 802

Ifugao house for the affluent whose pyramidal hipped roof covers the floor of the house

Answer 802

F/ Bale

Question 803

Tukud

Answer 803

Post

Question 804

Halipan

Answer 804

Cylindrical rat guard

Question 805

With a detachable A-frame roof and is supported by a “katig” that allows the boat to float steadily

Answer 805

Badjao House boat

Question 806

Traditional Tausug house on stilts supported by a pitched roof; distinguished by carved wooden finials tadjuk pasung placed on one or both ends of the roof

Answer 806

Bay sinug

Question 807

Built on six foot stilts; about 50ft long and nearly 30ft wide; typically constructed of bamboo, wood and palm fronds

Answer 807

T’boli long house

Question 808

“Sleeping place”; royal house; house of sultan known for its colorful panolong

Answer 808

Torogan

Question 809

Butterfly wing floor beam ends with pako rabong or naga

Answer 809

Panolong

Question 810

Pako rabong

Answer 810

Fern

Question 811

Naga

Answer 811

Dragon/serpent motif

Question 812

Tausug and Yakan; “to meet”; can accommodate small group of worshippers commonly built in rural areas

Answer 812

Langgal

Question 813

Maranao; “to meet”; can accommodate small group of worshippers commonly built in rural areas

Answer 813

Ranggar

Question 814

Larger, more permanent structure that includes dome and minare

Answer 814

Masjid or masked

Question 815

One of the earliest recorded painters in PH art history; Langit, Lupa at Impierno

Answer 815

Jose Luciano Dans

Question 816

Most popular artist who worked in the tipos del pais style; opened the first formal fine arts school in the country in his house, Academia de Dibujo y Pintura

Answer 816

Damian Domingo y Gabor

Question 817

Watercolor paintings that show different types of inhabitants in the Philippines in their different native costumes

Answer 817

Tipos del pais

Question 818

Developed a style that contains both tipos del pais and genre paintings by forming letters of patron’s name from figures of people in local costumes doing everyday activities; utilized landscape scenes as background

Answer 818

Jose Honorato Lozano

Question 819

Became the first international Filipino artists when they won the gold and silver medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition

Answer 819

Juan Novicio Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo

Question 820

Houses the tabernacle and image of the town’s patron saint; “cabinet of saints”

Answer 820

Retablo

Question 821

Carved images in relief

Answer 821

Relleves

Question 822

Religious images

Answer 822

Santos

Question 823

“To enliven, to bring life”

Answer 823

Encarnacion

Question 824

A mannequin-type intended to be dressed with clothing and accessories

Answer 824

Bastidor santo

Question 825

Earliest known sculptor in the Philippines; few of his extent works found at San Agustin Convent museum

Answer 825

Juan de los Santos

Question 826

First book printed in the country published by Dominicans in 1593

Answer 826

La Doctrina Christiana en la Lengua Española y Tagala (The Christian Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog Language)

Question 827

Prints of miraculous images usually featured portraits of saints and religious scenes

Answer 827

Estampas and estampitas

Question 828

Grouping and reduction in number of formerly scattered barangays into compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change

Answer 828

Reduccion

Question 829

Kind of town planning in which fort and church were integrated centrally and concentrically with the social classes

Answer 829

Plaza complex

Question 830

Evolved bahay kubo with improved air circulation and lighting

Answer 830

Bahay na bato/ bahay na tisa

Question 831

House with roof tiles

Answer 831

Bahay na tisa

Question 832

Apartment dwellings; single or two-storey with multiple units defined by common party walls

Answer 832

Accesoria

Question 833

Screened gallery with entry from second floor of convent

Answer 833

Tribunas

Question 834

Parish house or rectory

Answer 834

Convento

Question 835

Roman Catholic Minor Basilica in Manila; Romanesque style

Answer 835

Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception or Manila Cathedral

Question 836

Known for its sinking bell tower; by Fr. Joseph Ruiz

Answer 836

Laog Church, Ilocos Norte

Question 837

Largest bell; probably best-known “earthquake Baroque”; distinguished by enormous size buttresses with scroll-like bases

Answer 837

Paoay Church

Question 838

Current design by Juan Nakpil and Jose Maria Zaragosa

Answer 838

Quiapo church

Question 839

First religious structure built in Luzon; only stone church of its size standing as initially built; true barrel vaulting; by Fr. Macias

Answer 839

San Agustin Church

Question 840

Supposedly by Gustav Eiffel; one of the first steel buildings- steel from Belgium

Answer 840

San Sebastian

Question 841

Biggest Spanish church in the country; by Fr. Martin Aguirre

Answer 841

Taal Church, Batangas

Question 842

Unusual aztec-like bas relief in facade depicting St. Christopher carrying baby Jesus through a tropical forest

Answer 842

Miag-ao Church, Iloilo

Question 843

European styled fortifications characterized by heavy stone walls, moats and grid road layouts

Answer 843

Forts/ military structures

Question 844

First fort in PH

Answer 844

Fort San Pedro, Cebu

Question 845

First stone fort in PH

Answer 845

Nuestra Senora de Guia, Intramuros

Question 846

Fort named after patron saint of Spain; built at a sharp angle between a river and bay; formed a citadel

Answer 846

Fort Santiago

Question 847

Residence of the highest official of the land

Answer 847

Palacio de Gobierno or Palacio Real

Question 848

Seat of colonial governance in the country

Answer 848

Ayuntamiento

Question 849

Trial court

Answer 849

Real Audiencia or Tribunal

Question 850

Aduana

Answer 850

Customs house

Question 851

Smaller version of Ayuntamiento in provincial towns; design looks like oversized bahay na bato

Answer 851

Municipio/ Casa de Municipal/ Casa Real

Question 852

Housed the administration of hacienda

Answer 852

Casa hacienda

Question 853

Oldest university in Asia founded by Dominicans in 1611; Royal and Pontifical University

Answer 853

Universidad de Santo Tomas

Question 854

Precursor of University of San Carlos

Answer 854

Colegio de San Ildefonso

Question 855

First painter of note in the 20th century; noted for realistic portraits, genre and landscapes in subdued colors; first dean of UP Fine Arts School

Answer 855

Fabian dela Rosa

Question 856

First and among the few Filipino painters who have captured the different striking colors and character of the country’s magnificent sunlight; Dalagang Bukid, The Offering; Planting Rice

Answer 856

Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto

Question 857

Trained in the classical style in Rome; Oblation in UP; Bonifacio monument in Caloocan; Filipinas in Bondage

Answer 857

Guillermo Tolentino

Question 858

A grandiose architectural style as taught at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris primarily in the 19th century, widely applied until 1930 to large public buildings; elaborate, historic, eclectic, monumental scale

Answer 858

Beaux Arts

Question 859

Single storey raised slightly above ground, reinforced concrete and wood with an extended veranda in front

Answer 859

Chalet

Question 860

Father of the City Beautiful Movement

Answer 860

Daniel H. Burnham

Question 861

Filipino architects sponsored by colonial officials to study architecture and engineering in US

Answer 861

1st generation architects

Question 862

1st generation architect; PGH; UP University Hall at Padre Faura; Manila Hotel

Answer 862

William Parsons

Question 863

1st generation architect; Sent to US as one of the pensionados in architecture; UP Palma, Benitez, Malcolm Hall; The Legislative Building; Jones Bridge; BPI; Manila Post Office; Villamor Hall of UPM (now Supreme Court); Rizal Memorial Stadium; Metropolitan Theater

Answer 863

Juan Arellano

Question 864

1st generation architect; One of the pioneer professors of Mapua Institute of Technology; Manila City Hall; Bureau of Customs

Answer 864

Antonio Toledo

Question 865

1st generation architect; First registered architect f the PH; founded first architectural association in PH (PH Institute of Architects); DLS College; CEU; Mapua; Nurses’ Home a PGH; Pier 7

Answer 865

Tomas Mapua

Question 866

Emerged in the 1920s and 30s; introduced Art Deco characterized by exuberant exoticism and ornamentation to PH

Answer 866

2nd generation architects

Question 867

2nd generation architect; 1st National artist for architecture; Arellano University. Manila Jockey Club; UP Admin and Library Buildings

Answer 867

Juan Nakpil

Question 868

2nd generation architect; son of Juan Luna; used Art Nouveau style; The Crystal Arcade

Answer 868

Andres Luna de San Pedro

Question 869

2nd generation architect; 2nd national artist for architecture; Boulevard Alhambra (now Bel-Air apartments), FEU, Ideal Theater, Manila Polo Club

Answer 869

Pablo Antonio

Question 870

2nd generation architect; Angela Apartments; UST Chapel

Answer 870

Fernando Ocampo

Question 871

Father of PH Modern Art

Answer 871

Victorio C. Edades

Question 872

With his Brown Madonna, Filipinized Western canonical iconography

Answer 872

Galo B. Ocampo

Question 873

Angono based painter; History of Manila mural at Manila City Hall; fluid lines and brilliant colors

Answer 873

Carlos “Botong” Francisco

Question 874

Group of artists who were reacting to the academic style of Luna and Hidalgo and to the sweet style of Amorsolo;

Answer 874

Thirteen Moderns

Question 875

Thirteen Moderns; Considered as major proponent of Cubism in PH

Answer 875

Vicente Manansala

Question 876

Thirteen Moderns; Formed the triumvirate of neo-realists with Vicente Manansala and Cesar Legaspi; works were nationalistic and reflected harsh realities of PH after WWII and are probably first purely non representational art produced in PH

Answer 876

Hernando R. Ocampo

Question 877

Thirteen Moderns; Neo realist; Remembered for depiction of masses

Answer 877

Cesar Legaspi

Question 878

Thirteen Moderns; sharply outlined figures of bandanna wearing peasant women going about their daily chores; women are thin, long necks, slant eyes and flat noses

Answer 878

Anita Magsaysay-Ho

Question 879

Winner of AAP competition; Carroza

Answer 879

Fernando Zobel

Question 880

Country’s leading abstract expressionist; Space Transfiguration

Answer 880

Jose Joya

Question 881

Crucifixied, Man and Woman, Fish

Answer 881

Ang Kiu Kok

Question 882

Vivid colors; abstract representations; tropical kaleidoscope of colors; images and colors remind us of homeland

Answer 882

Mauro “Malang” Santos

Question 883

National Artist for Visual Arts; minimalist, geometric abstracts, alluding to modernist virtues of competence, order and elegance; evoking universal reality; mirrors aspiration for an acme of true Asian modernity

Answer 883

Arturo Luz

Question 884

Father of Philippine Modern Sculpture

Answer 884

Napoleon Abueva

Question 885

Reduces heat gain by breaking sunlight

Answer 885

Brise soleil

Question 886

Architects who professed the post-war doctrine; “form follows function

Answer 886

3rd generation architects

Question 887

Use of molded concrete and folded plate technology

Answer 887

Space Age

Question 888

Architecture that emphasized traditional building practices and methods and a pragmatic knowledge of local history

Answer 888

Tropical regionalism

Question 889

Architecture that drew on brick, tile and other traditional materials and even on vernacular forms in a general reaction against International Modernism in the 1960s and 1970s

Answer 889

Neovernacular Architecture

Question 890

3rd National Artist for Architecture; CCP, Folk Arts Theater, Church of Holy Sacrificee, PICC, National Arts Center, MIA, Makati Stock Exchange, Ayala Tower One

Answer 890

Leandro Locsin

Question 891

Proponent of Filipino architecture in modern age; San Miguel Corp. Building, Coconut Palace, PH Embassy in US, Shrine of our Lady f Queen of Peace in Edsa, Ateneo Professional Schools

Answer 891

Francisco Mañosca

Question 892

Founding museum director at CCP; pioneer of conceptual art in PH

Answer 892

Roberto Chabet

Question 893

Art in which idea presented by artist is considered more important than the finished product

Answer 893

Conceptual art

Question 894

National artist, pioneered the neofigurative style; Sabel series

Answer 894

Benedicto Cabrera

Question 895

Through his works, indigenous ukkil, sarimanok and naga motifs have been popularized and instilled in Filipino nation and other people

Answer 895

Abdulmari Imao

Question 896

Known for his bronze sheet monuments; La Pieta, Loyola Memorial Park

Answer 896

Eduardo Castrillo

Question 897

Sculptor and architect who created sculptural form in glass as medium; Resurrection Cross at Edsa Shrine

Answer 897

Ramon Orlina

Question 898

Tripartite division of columnar architecture

Answer 898

Podium, shaft, crown

Question 899

Examples of master-planned micro cities

Answer 899

Bay City, Eastwood City, Fort BGC, Rockwell Center