Mass and Balance | Revised Flashcards
Define “Average Arm”
The term arm refers to the horizontal distance from where a mass is added from its reference point. In the case of a large aircraft, it becomes impractical to itemise to the inch exactly where a load is situated. For this reason, a large baggage hold of an aircraft will be allocated an average arm.
Define “Flight Stations”
In order to predict the movement of CG, it is necessary to determined where exactly in the aircraft the mass was added. Flight Station, or FS, is used to solve this. FS and arm are basically the same.
What is the product if weight and arm added together called?
The moment.
How to calculate the moment?
Weight x Arm = Moment
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “AEM”
Aircraft empty mass, is the measured mass of an aircraft including fixed operating equipment, fixed ballast and hydraulic fluid.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “BEM”
The basic empty mass is the aircraft empty mass plus full oil and unusable fuel.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “EOM”
Empty operating mass, is the basic empty mass plus the crew, their baggage and in-flight rations.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “ZFM”
The zero fuel mass, is the operating empty mass plus passengers, baggage and cargo, collectively called payload.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “Ramp Mass”
The ramp mass is the zero fuel mass plus usable fuel.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “take-off mass”
The take-off mass is the mass of the aircraft at lift-off from the runway
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “Landing mass”
The landing mass is the weight of the aircraft at touchdown
Structural Limitations:
Define “MTOM”
The maximum take-off mass is the maximum allowable mass permitted at take-off.
Structural Limitations:
Define “MZFM”
The maximum zero fuel mass is the maximum allowable mass of the aircraft before usable fuel is added
Structural Limitations:
Define “MRM/MTM”
The maximum ramp mass/maximum taxi mass, is the maximum mass permitted prior to taxying. It may exceed MTOM by the taxi fuel allowance.
Structural Limitations:
Define “MLM”
The maximum landing mass is the maximum allowable mass for landing. For most light airplanes the MLM equals the MTOM, for larger airplanes the MLM may be less than the MTOM. In this case fuel burn-off must be sufficient, or may have to be dumbed in an emergency.
