Mass and Balance | Revised Flashcards
Define “Average Arm”
The term arm refers to the horizontal distance from where a mass is added from its reference point. In the case of a large aircraft, it becomes impractical to itemise to the inch exactly where a load is situated. For this reason, a large baggage hold of an aircraft will be allocated an average arm.
Define “Flight Stations”
In order to predict the movement of CG, it is necessary to determined where exactly in the aircraft the mass was added. Flight Station, or FS, is used to solve this. FS and arm are basically the same.
What is the product if weight and arm added together called?
The moment.
How to calculate the moment?
Weight x Arm = Moment
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “AEM”
Aircraft empty mass, is the measured mass of an aircraft including fixed operating equipment, fixed ballast and hydraulic fluid.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “BEM”
The basic empty mass is the aircraft empty mass plus full oil and unusable fuel.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “EOM”
Empty operating mass, is the basic empty mass plus the crew, their baggage and in-flight rations.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “ZFM”
The zero fuel mass, is the operating empty mass plus passengers, baggage and cargo, collectively called payload.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “Ramp Mass”
The ramp mass is the zero fuel mass plus usable fuel.
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “take-off mass”
The take-off mass is the mass of the aircraft at lift-off from the runway
Aircraft Mass Definitions:
Define “Landing mass”
The landing mass is the weight of the aircraft at touchdown
Structural Limitations:
Define “MTOM”
The maximum take-off mass is the maximum allowable mass permitted at take-off.
Structural Limitations:
Define “MZFM”
The maximum zero fuel mass is the maximum allowable mass of the aircraft before usable fuel is added
Structural Limitations:
Define “MRM/MTM”
The maximum ramp mass/maximum taxi mass, is the maximum mass permitted prior to taxying. It may exceed MTOM by the taxi fuel allowance.
Structural Limitations:
Define “MLM”
The maximum landing mass is the maximum allowable mass for landing. For most light airplanes the MLM equals the MTOM, for larger airplanes the MLM may be less than the MTOM. In this case fuel burn-off must be sufficient, or may have to be dumbed in an emergency.
Define the 2 formulas for maximum floor load
Max floor load = Maximum weight / Area
Or:
Maximum floor load x area = maximum weight
Reserve Fuel Definitions:
Define Contingency Fuel
The amount of fuel required to compensate for unforeseen factor. South African regulations require this to be 5 percent of the planned trip fuel or of the fuel required from the point of in-flight re-planning, and It shall not be lower than the amount required to fly for 5 minutes at holding speed at 1500ft above the destination aerodrome.
Reserve Fuel Definitions:
Alternate Fuel
The fuel to be used for the flight from the destination aerodrome to the alternate aerodrome, a minimum of 30 minutes
If the maximum floor load is 125kg/sq m, what is the maximum weight that can be loaded in a barrel, the diameter of which is 1.5m?
`To find the area circle use the formula:
Golden ratio number(3.142) x diameter squared = 7.0695
7.0695 divided by 4 x 125 kg/sq m = 220,92kg.
Block fuel is the total fuel, which consists of?
Trip fuel + Contingency Fuel + Alternate Fuel + Reserve Fuel + Taxi Fuel
One sq foot = how many sq inches?
144 sq inches.
