Masonry

Question 1

How many ways are there to mix mortar and what are they

Answer 1

Portland cement, masonry cement

Question 2

What are the ingredients of mortar

Answer 2

Portland cement, lime, sand, water

Question 3

What is a different set of ingredients of mortar

Answer 3

Masonry cement, sand, water

Question 4

How many types of mortar are there and what are they

Answer 4

M, S, N, O

Question 5

How many ways can you physically mix mortar

Answer 5

Machine mixing, hand mixing

Question 6

What is the minimum machine mixing time for mortar

Answer 6

3 minutes

Question 7

How long do you allow dry ingredients to mix in mixer before adding water

Answer 7

One minute

Question 8

What are the three types of sand

Answer 8

Manufactured, natural, stand

Question 9

What are the desirable properties of mortar

Answer 9

Plasticity, water retention, strength and durability

Question 10

What are the three kinds of levels

Answer 10

Plum, Level, Square

Question 11

What does it mean to be “plum”

Answer 11

Vertical on two planes

Question 12

What does it mean to be level

Answer 12

Horizontally straight

Question 13

What does it mean to be square

Answer 13

90 degrees on all corners

Question 14

True or False: A foundation must be Square AND Level AND Plum

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True/False: A Cinder block may be load bearing

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True/False: A Concrete block (or a Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)) may be load bearing

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the 5 parts of a wall

Answer 17

Corner/end
Field
Control/expansion joints
Wall intersections
Rough opening (doors/windows)

Question 18

What is the definition of masonry construction

Answer 18

To build a structure from any building materials that consist of units held together with mortar; concrete block, brick, stones, clay tile and sometimes even glass block .

Question 19

What factors effect the bond strength of mortar

Answer 19

Type and quality of mortar
M,S,N,O
• Workability or plasticity
• Water retentivity
• Surface texture of the mortar bed
• Quality of workmanship in laying the units.

Question 20

What are the two ways to mix mortar

Answer 20

Portland Cement

Masonry Cement

Question 21

Type M motar

Answer 21

Used for below-grade masonry that contacts earth (i.e. foundations, retaining walls, walkways)
1 part portland cement
1/4 part hydrated lime or lime putty 3 parts sand
OR
1 part portland cement
1 part Type II masonry cement 6 parts sand

Question 22

Type S Mortar

Answer 22

Used where high resistance to lateral forces are required.
1 part portland cement
1/2 part hydrated lime or lime putty 4 1/2 parts sand
OR
1/2 part portland cement
1 part hydrated lime or lime putty 4 1/2 parts sand

Question 23

Type N mortar

Answer 23

Used in above-grade and exposed masonry where high compressive and/or lateral strengths are not require.
1 part portland cement
1 part hydrated lime or lime putty 6 parts sand
OR
1 part Type II masonry cement
3 parts sand

Question 24

Type O

Answer 24

Used for load-bearing, solid-unit walls when the
compressive stresses do not
exceed 100 psi, and the subject to freezing and thawing in the
masonry is not
presence of a lot of water.
1 part portland cement
2 parts hydrated lime or lime putty 9 parts sand
OR
1 part Type I or Type II masonry cement 3 parts sand

Question 25

Calcium chloride cannot be more than what percent by weight of your mortar (when used as accelerant)

Answer 25

2%

Question 26

When should Calcium chloride not be used

Answer 26

For steel- reinforced masonry (i.e. reinforced concrete)

Question 27

What two mortar materials should be covered to prevent moisture loss

Answer 27

Sand and Lime

Question 28

How wide does the footing have to be

Answer 28

2x wall thickness

Question 29

How do you lay the first course

Answer 29

Locate the corners.
Lay mortar bed.
Lay blocks on corners first, then work
inward toward the middle.
Ensure all block is level and plumb.
Ensure all mortar joints are filled and tooled.

Question 30

Describe laying corners

Answer 30

Build up the corners 4 or 5 courses high.
Step each course back one-half block.
Mortar for horizontal joints is applied to the
top of the course previously laid.
Apply mortar for the vertical joints to either the block being laid or to the block previously laid.

Question 31

When do you tool the joints

Answer 31

Once the mortar becomes

“Thumbprint” hard.

Question 32

In what order do you strike the joint

Answer 32

Vertical first, then horizontal

Question 33

What are the two types of lintels

Answer 33

• Precast from concrete.

* Constructed from lintel block,steel reinforcement bar, and concrete.

Question 34

Equation: Estimate number of masonry blocks

Answer 34

Linear Feet x Height x 1.125 = Total number block

Question 35

Equation: Estimate masonry cement in block build

Answer 35

Total Block / 100 x 3 = Bags of masonry cement

Question 36

Equation: Estimate sand in masonry build

Answer 36

1 Ton of sand per every 8 bags of masonry cement; Therefore, divide number of bags by 8

Question 37

Equation: Number of gallons of water per bag of masonry cement

Answer 37

Water = 8 gl per bag

Question 38

Equation: Number of bricks in masonry build

Answer 38

Linear Foot x Height x 6.75 = number of Bricks

Question 39

Equation: Estimate masonry cement in brick build

Answer 39

Total Bricks / 1000 x 8 = Masonry bags

Question 40

Equation: Estimate sand in masonry brick build

Answer 40

1 Ton of sand per 1,000 bricks; Therefore, divide number of bricks by 1,000

Question 41

What is the max length a wall can be without an expansion joint

Answer 41

25 feet