Construction Flashcards
T/F: Platform construction is the most common
True
T/F: First floor joists are completely covered with subflooring
True
What are the categories of Lumber
Hardwood Softwood Bamboo Palm
What are the grades of lumber
Yard Structural Factory/Shop
How is lumber dried
air or kiln drying
What are the 3 categories of yard lumber
Finished (Graded A-D) Common Boards (Graded 1-5) Common dimensions (graded 1-3)
Structural lumber is graded on what?
Density, strength, stiffness
What are the size ranges of plywood
1/8” - 1”
What are the standard dimensions of plywood
4’x8’
Board Feet of Lumber (BF) = ?
Thickness X Width x Length x Number of pieces / 12 or 144 *Use 12 when Length is in feet *Use 144 when Length is in inches
Board Measurement (BM) = ?
BF x 1.1 for 2” or thicker thickness wood BF x 1.2 for 1” or less thickness wood
Framing in a word problem means you are using 2” thickness wood (for BM)
This is true, just a fact for you to remember
Number of sheets of plywood = ?
Area to be covered in square feet divided by 32 square feet
What size nail do you use for framing
16 penny
What size nail do you use for sheathing
8 penny
What spacing must you have between nails in sheathing
4-6”
What size nail do you use on gusset
6 penny
What term refers to nail size
penny (or d)
What are two ways to connect wood
joints and splice
What are two types of joints
Butt Lap
What is a splice
a connection of two or more boards that continue in a straight line
What are the four types of nails
Common Wire Finishing Scaffolding Roofing
What are the size ranges of nails
2d thru 60d
How deep should nails penetrate
penetrate at least 2/3 into the second board
What is the nail formula
● Framing or 10d to 60d -Pounds(p) = (d/6)*(BM/100) ● Sheathing use 2d to 8d(or material up to 1”) -Pounds(p) = (d/4)*(BM/100)
What is design life
how long the building is intended to stand without major repairs done to it
What are the three ranges of design life
Permanent (25+yrs) Semi- Permanent (5-25yrs) Temporary (0-5yrs)
What are the components of the substructure
Footer, girder, joist, subfloor
What is the maximum distance wood footers would be placed apart
10’
How are girders made
Three laminated pieces lumber running the length of the building
Joists run which direction along the building
Run the width of building
What is the spacing between joists
16” on center
What are the size of splices which connect joists
24” in length and cover both sides of the joint
Which direction does the first course of the subfloor (ply) run relative to the joist
Perpendicular to the joist
What parts does the super structure consist of
● Wall Panels ● Roof
What are the two types of wall panels
End panels Side panels
- Hanger
- Long Web
- Short Web
- Gusset
- Bottom Chord
- Top Chord
- Heel Point
- 1/3 Point
- 1/4 Point
- Peak point
- Sole
- Stud
- Jack
- King
- Header
- Sill
- Cripple
- Girts
- Top plate
- Double top plate
What is the spacing of cripplers
16”
What is the spacing of studs
16” or 24” on center
What are the 4 styles of roofs
● Gable
● Lean-to
● Hip
● Gable and valley
A truss is made of how many rafters
2
Each rafter spans ________ of the width of the builing
half
T/F: Gusset plates are used on both sides of the truss joints, except the gable ends
True
What are truss spacings
trusses are spaced 24”on center
As trusses are set what are you doing
● Centered
● Plumbed
● Braced
What are the methods of attaching roofing
● Fascia Boards
● Purloins
● Sheathing
● combination
What are the two types of staircases
Boxed
Stringer
How high should risers on staircases be?
7-9”
How wide should tread’s on staircases be
8-11”
What are the parts of stringer stairs?
Riser, Tread, Stringer, Mud sill, ledger
What force should handrails be able to take
200 lbs
Stairways with ______ or more risers, or higher than _______, must be equipped with at least one handrail.
four, 30 inches
Stairways landings must be at least ______ deep and _______ wide at every _____ or less of vertical rise
30 inches, 22 inches, 12 feet
Stairs should rise between _____ and _____ degrees.
30, 50
There must be less than _______ inch variation between steps
1/4”
Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, provide a platform that extends at least _______ beyond the swing of the door.
20 inches
