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Personality > Maslow > Flashcards

Maslow Flashcards

1
Q

What are humanists concerned with?

A

Concerned with development but don’t say a lot about how that development takes place

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2
Q

What do they believe guides humans?

A

Humans are guided by desire to express and realize our goals, hopes, and talents

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3
Q

What do humanists focus on?

A
  • meaning of life/goals for individual

- on individual’s unique perception of the world.

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4
Q

humanism is more ______ than most theories

A

idiographic

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5
Q

What do humanists avoid

A

• Avoid reductionism – they do not believe it’s possible to break personality down to it’s parts. There are no units, see individuals as wholes

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6
Q

What are the 4 Humanistic principles?

A
  1. should study the experiencing person
    – no non-human subjects
  2. Concerned with Choice, creativity and self realization
    – self realization: fulfilling of inner potential,
  3. Only personally and socially significant problems should be studied
  4. The major concern is the dignity and enhancement of people
    • most optimistic approach
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7
Q

What is “instinctoid” motivation?

A

= like/similar to animal instincts but not the same
• Can be controlled, repressed
• Overlain by learning, cultural expectation

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways maslow’s pyramid is organized? (from bottom to top)

A

→ move from needs that are evolutionarily old to those that are more recent – at the bottom hare the needs with most other organisms
→ from needs developing early in the individual’s life to those developing later
→ from needs that are primarily biological or physiological to those that are primarily psychological.

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9
Q

What are the needs in the pyramid (from bottom to top)

A
  1. physiological Needs
  2. Saftey needs (shows at 1yr)
  3. Love and belongingness Needs
  4. Esteem Needs (3 or 4)
  5. Self-actualization (top)
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10
Q

It is easier to meet the needs at the ______ of the pyramid. because?

A

bottom, because the ways to satisfy them become narrower the higher you go

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11
Q

what % satisfaction do you need at one level before the next starts to emerge?

A

15-20%

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12
Q

what does it mean for our behaviours to be over determined?

A

we arrange for our behaviours to satisfy multiple needs at once (going out to lunch with a friend)

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13
Q

What are physiological needs?

A
  • Emerges at birth
  • Food and water
  • Oxygen (less like a need)
  • Unclear about sex, some features may meet this category
  • He argues if you are always deprived of foods you will never reach the higher levels
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14
Q

What are safety needs?

A
  • More than just having a roof over your head or avoiding physical harm
  • Extends the notion to predictability – we need a life in which we know what’s going to happen next. A structure to follow with a defined order
  • security
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15
Q

what are love and belongingness needs

A
  • unique need for humans
  • want to be part of a group and identify with the members
  • being loved (receiving) and give love as well
  • greatest source of human suffering and failure to meet these needs
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16
Q

What are Esteem needs?

A
  • Need to be respected by others
  • need to accept ourselves (much harder) value of ourselves
  • People can have one type of esteem without the other
  • Does not tend to be fully satisfied
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17
Q

What is self-actualization

A
  • the fuller realization of what we are already
  • Becoming who it is that we actually are
  • Fulfillment of destiny
  • Fuller acceptance of inner nature
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18
Q

What are the two types of needs that are not in the pyramid?

A
  1. Cognitive needs (Needs to understand/Curiosity_
    - More young children
    - Present from birth
  2. Aesthetic Needs (Need for structure, order and organization)
    - Artistic needs
    - Less common than cognitive needs
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19
Q

What are the 4 exceptions to the hierarchy?

A
  • Reversal of order - most common = Esteem before love/belonging
  • Long satisfied need undervalued – so used to having need met that when taken away love and belonging needs remain in absence of lower level need
  • Creativity overwhelms other drives – sacrifice lower level needs for higher level, the starving artist
  • Satisfaction of constant lack: one who never had lower need met and suddenly has it will be fully satisfied with just having these lower needs met (physiological or safety)
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20
Q

how many reach self actualization

A

• Very few reach it (1%)

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21
Q

What are Deficiency motives ?

A

The first 4 needs in the pyramid - when they aren’t satisfied there is something missing
all instinctoid

22
Q

What kind of motive is self actualization?

A

a Being values/motive – guides to our conduct

- growth motivated rather than deficiency motivated

23
Q

When someone is self actualizing where does development proceed from?

A

from within

24
Q

What exactly is self actualization?

A
  • self actualization as child-like, developing a wise innocence, a return to the way we interpret things as children
  • Characterized from by a lack of motivation
  • Cognition changes from Deficiency- cognition to Being- cognition
25
Q

What is D-cognition?

A

Deficiency cognition/perception
• Active – always striving and never getting anywhere, a constant searching for things that can meet our D needs
• Focused on the D-need that is missing - When we are hungry all we notice is food

26
Q

What is B-cognition?

A

Being cognition
• Passive – not struggling to accomplish things, working through life day by day. An open calmness
• Unfocused – broader awareness, stop and smell the roses approach
• Type of seeing involving a letting go, walking “without a camera” instead of from shot to shot, take in everything equally without interior commentary

27
Q

What are maslow’s growth oriented B-values (list all 8)

A
  • Dichotomy Transcendence
  • Aliveness
  • Simplicity
  • Richness
  • Effortlessness
  • Playfulness
  • Self-Sufficiency
  • Meaningfulness
28
Q

What is Dichotomy Trancendence (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • we think in two categories (black/white, rich/poor, good/bad)
  • Self actualizing person tries to rise above this tendency to dichotomize
29
Q

Aliveness? (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • child like value – they are alive to the world around them, noticing details that adults don’t
  • Living broadly
  • Being fully in the moment – seeing numerous potentials in everything
  • Taking in the richness
30
Q

Simplicity (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • there are very few things that are actually important
  • Realizes it is the simple thing in life that are really important
  • Recognition and valuing of the simple important things
31
Q

Richness (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • Related to aliveness but more related to living deeply

- Extracting all the pleasure from simple things

32
Q

Effortlessness (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • Not lack of effort but a mental state
  • How we treat this effort, doing things without having it feel like work
  • Effort is not about the amount of calories we burn but our mental approach to the activity
  • Studying seems effortful but playing soccer feels effortless
  • Self actualized people try to see all activities as effortless
33
Q

Playfulness (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • They find pleasure and humor in all things
  • Make everything fun, even if it’s an unfortunate situation
  • child like characteristic
34
Q

Self-sufficiency (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • The self actualized person doesn’t need anything outside themselves to be happy
  • Believe they are a full and complete individual – being in love does not complete you it enhances who you already are
  • The same is true of being a parent – people who say they need children to feel complete
35
Q

Meaningfulness (growth oriented B-value)

A
  • Self actualized person values meaningfulness and achieving a sense of purpose and worth
  • Comes in a number of was – religion, science, family ect.
  • Drawn towards situations that allow us to gain a sense of purpose
36
Q

List Maslow’s Eight Fold way - things that lead to self-actualization

A
  1. Self-awareness
  2. Self-development
  3. Growth Choices
  4. Trusting your judgment
  5. Peak Experiences
  6. Honesty
  7. Concentration
  8. No Ego Defenses
37
Q

Self-awareness (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Knowing who you really are
  • What are your strengths/weaknesses
  • There are things about ourselves we do not want to know
  • But if you want to reach self actualization you must see yourself as who you truly are (not too positive or too negative)
  • We tend to be harder on ourselves and we have to get by this
38
Q

Self-development (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Start doing something using the talents and skills you are now aware of
  • Take the first step to your long term goal
39
Q

Growth Choices (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Faced with choices where one choice is more virtuous but said option is harder
  • These choices allow you to grow in who you are, it is an uncertain, uncomfortable and challenging
  • We tend to choose the easy option, but self actualized individuals will make the growth choice
40
Q

Trusting your judgment (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • You and only you now what is best for you
  • Trust your internal guide of what’s right
  • Believe in your gut instincts regardless of what others tell you
  • Very difficult to fight pressure from others and believe in yourself
  • Ex. Changing answers on a gut instinct is a bad decision
41
Q

Peak Experiences (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Brief intense periods of B cognition (from a few minutes to hours)
  • The feeling of limitless horizons, with idea that something purposeful and important has happened
  • Happens most often during experiences of excellence (listening to Beethoven, beautiful sunset, during sexual orgasm)
  • Self actualized people don’t all have them, it’s more of a sneak preview of what self actualization is like
42
Q

Honesty (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Take and accept responsibility for your actions and choices
  • We need to recognize that choices have consequences and once we make said choice we are responsible
43
Q

Concentration (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Fully absorbing yourself in the moment
  • Being here completely and utterly (very Buddhist idea)
  • Don’t let your mind wander to other things
44
Q

No Ego Defenses (Maslow’s Eight Fold way of attaining self actualization)

A
  • Allow the ego to experience everything and be aware of who we are and what we feel
  • Remove the barriers that protect the ego
  • Must be open t everything about ourselves and in the world around us
45
Q

What characteristics does the self actualized individual possess (13)

A
  • Perceives reality fully
  • Accepts self and others as they are
  • Spontaneous/natural
  • Freshness of appreciation
  • Detached, needs privacy
  • Few deep relationships
  • Independent of environment
  • Peak experiences
  • Democratic values
  • Strong sense of personal ethics
  • Sense of humor (not destructive)
  • creative
  • concerned with large scale issues
46
Q

Barriers to self-actualization?

A
  • Inability to meet lower need
  • Lack/fear of self-knowledge
  • Social/cultural norms (society prevent certain groups to achieve their full potential)
  • Failure to make growth choices (fear the uncertain)
  • Absence of proper environment
47
Q

What must be present in the environment for self-actualization to occur

A
  • Freedom of speech and action
  • Freedom of inquiry – be able to explore the world and discover what you are meant to be
  • Proper level of challenge or stimulation – You can’t have too much or too little challenge in your life.
48
Q

Criticism of theory

A
  • Nonscientific methodology
  • Personal criteria for self-actualization
  • Ambiguous, unclear terminology
  • Creativity when needs not met
  • Little attention to development
49
Q

What are maslow’s growth oriented B-values (list all 8)

A
  • Dichotomy Transcendence
  • Aliveness
  • Simplicity
  • Richness
  • Effortlessness
  • Playfulness
  • Self-Sufficiency
  • Meaningfulness
50
Q

What are maslow’s growth oriented B-values (list all 8)

A
  • Dichotomy Transcendence
  • Aliveness
  • Simplicity
  • Richness
  • Effortlessness
  • Playfulness
  • Self-Sufficiency
  • Meaningfulness

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