Mary's key religious changes + the early months of Mary's reign Flashcards

1
Q

What did Mary do in August 1553 to many prominent Protestant clergy?

A
  • Proclamation by Mary.
  • Many prominent Protestant clergy were deprived of their livings.
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2
Q

When was Cranmer Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, Nicholas Ridley, John Rogers and others imprisoned?

A

September 1553.

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3
Q

When was the Act of Repeal passed and what did it do?

A

Autumn 1553 - undid all of the Edwardian Reformation.

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4
Q

What act did parliament refuse to repeal in Autumn 1553?

A

Act of Supremacy.

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5
Q

When did Mary give up the title of Supreme Head of the Church?

A

December 1553.

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6
Q

How many Protestants did Mary allow to leave in January 1554?

A

800

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7
Q

When was the Royal Injunctions issued and what did it do?

A

March 1554 ~ suppress heresy, remove married clergy, re-ordain clergy, restore Holy Days and replace with committed Catholics.

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8
Q

The heresy laws initially rejected, what persuaded Parliament to pass the laws in April 1554?

A

Agreed with the promise that former monastic lands would not be returned to the church.

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9
Q

When did Pole return and the excommunication lifted?

A

November 1554.

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10
Q

When was the 2nd Act of Repeal and what did it do?

A

November 1554 ~ undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529 and the Henrician Reformation.

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11
Q

When was Bishop Bonner’s Book of Homilies published?

A

1555.

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12
Q

What did Mary do in January 1555?

A

Appointed a commission to consider refounding some of the religious houses.

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13
Q

When was John Rogers burned at the stake and why was he significant?

A

February 1555 ~ first Protestant martyr of Mary’s reign.

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14
Q

When did Stephan Gardiner die?

A

November 12th 1555.

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14
Q

When were Bishops Ridley and Latimer burned for heresy in Oxford?

A

October 16th 1555.

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15
Q

When was Cranmer deprived of the see of Canterbury?

A

November 13th 1555.

16
Q

What happened in December (Pole) 1555?

A
  • Reginald Pole = Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • The London Synod met under Pole (until February 1556).
17
Q

When did Synod issue Twelve Decrees on clerical discipline and what did this do?

A

February 1556 ~ against abuses such as absenteeism, pluralism, simony and heresy.

18
Q

When was Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford?

A

March 21st 1556.

19
Q

When did Cardinal Pole argue with Pope Paul IV and what did this do?

A

March 21st 1556 ~ Pole = deprived of his position as legate.

20
Q

What happened on March 22nd 1556 (Pole)?

A

Pole was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury.

21
Q

What happened in June 1557 to Pole and what happened to some small religious houses?

A
  • Refoundation of some small religious houses.
  • Pole = recalled to Rome to answer charges of heresy ~ Mary refused him permission to go and rejected his replacement as legate.
22
Q

What happened on November 10th 1558?

(Who returned from exile and why was this significant?)

(How many protestants were burned and where?)

A
  • Five Protestants were burned at the stake in Canterbury.
  • Thomas Bentham, a returned exile, was ministering to the Protestants of London.
23
Q

How many people were executed during Mary’s reign?

A

Around 300 people.

24
Q

When did Mary and Reginald Pole die?

A

November 17th 1558.

25
Q

When restored to the Council, who created continuity in the Council?

A

Paget (Reformist, member of the Regency Council and advisor to Edward VI and Edward Seymour).

26
Q

Which two people were released from the Tower, suggesting that Mary was trying to create stability at the beginning of her reign?

A

Gardiner and Norfolk (Thomas Howard).

27
Q

Why was it difficult to control factions?

A

Privy Council was large (around 20) but rare for all councillors to be there.