Mary's key religious changes + the early months of Mary's reign Flashcards
What did Mary do in August 1553 to many prominent Protestant clergy?
- Proclamation by Mary.
- Many prominent Protestant clergy were deprived of their livings.
When was Cranmer Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, Nicholas Ridley, John Rogers and others imprisoned?
September 1553.
When was the Act of Repeal passed and what did it do?
Autumn 1553 - undid all of the Edwardian Reformation.
What act did parliament refuse to repeal in Autumn 1553?
Act of Supremacy.
When did Mary give up the title of Supreme Head of the Church?
December 1553.
How many Protestants did Mary allow to leave in January 1554?
800
When was the Royal Injunctions issued and what did it do?
March 1554 ~ suppress heresy, remove married clergy, re-ordain clergy, restore Holy Days and replace with committed Catholics.
The heresy laws initially rejected, what persuaded Parliament to pass the laws in April 1554?
Agreed with the promise that former monastic lands would not be returned to the church.
When did Pole return and the excommunication lifted?
November 1554.
When was the 2nd Act of Repeal and what did it do?
November 1554 ~ undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529 and the Henrician Reformation.
When was Bishop Bonner’s Book of Homilies published?
1555.
What did Mary do in January 1555?
Appointed a commission to consider refounding some of the religious houses.
When was John Rogers burned at the stake and why was he significant?
February 1555 ~ first Protestant martyr of Mary’s reign.
When did Stephan Gardiner die?
November 12th 1555.
When were Bishops Ridley and Latimer burned for heresy in Oxford?
October 16th 1555.
When was Cranmer deprived of the see of Canterbury?
November 13th 1555.
What happened in December (Pole) 1555?
- Reginald Pole = Archbishop of Canterbury.
- The London Synod met under Pole (until February 1556).
When did Synod issue Twelve Decrees on clerical discipline and what did this do?
February 1556 ~ against abuses such as absenteeism, pluralism, simony and heresy.
When was Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford?
March 21st 1556.
When did Cardinal Pole argue with Pope Paul IV and what did this do?
March 21st 1556 ~ Pole = deprived of his position as legate.
What happened on March 22nd 1556 (Pole)?
Pole was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury.
What happened in June 1557 to Pole and what happened to some small religious houses?
- Refoundation of some small religious houses.
- Pole = recalled to Rome to answer charges of heresy ~ Mary refused him permission to go and rejected his replacement as legate.
What happened on November 10th 1558?
(Who returned from exile and why was this significant?)
(How many protestants were burned and where?)
- Five Protestants were burned at the stake in Canterbury.
- Thomas Bentham, a returned exile, was ministering to the Protestants of London.
How many people were executed during Mary’s reign?
Around 300 people.
When did Mary and Reginald Pole die?
November 17th 1558.
When restored to the Council, who created continuity in the Council?
Paget (Reformist, member of the Regency Council and advisor to Edward VI and Edward Seymour).
Which two people were released from the Tower, suggesting that Mary was trying to create stability at the beginning of her reign?
Gardiner and Norfolk (Thomas Howard).
Why was it difficult to control factions?
Privy Council was large (around 20) but rare for all councillors to be there.
