Mary I Flashcards
Who was Mary i
First queen in English history, began to reign well, defeated northumberland, unlike Edward she would not rule in name only and became fully involved in the business of government
Changes undermary i
No change in gov during her reign, privy council remained the center of administration, Mary’s council was too large to conduct business and some ministers also had no real political ability
Mary i inner privy council
Later in her eign she began t work with a small inner council which included the Spanish ambassador simon renard, made less use of the privy council and by the end of her reign the relationship with her ministers had deteriorated
Issues during Mary i reign
Her political inexperience, her marriage and the succession
Why was Mary i marriage and succession an issue
The privy council was divided on who she should marry- Edward courtenay, earl of Devon and Philip of Spain
Why was Philip of Spain favored with Mary i
Favored the link to the Habsburgs through a marriage, she announced hr marriage to Philip without consulting her council, the treaty was favorable for England, Philip was to have no real power in England and if the marriage was childless the crown would still pass to Elizabeth
Mary i foreign policy desires
Desires with the papacy was to restore the pope as the head of religion in England, some believed the pope had strong foreign policy power and would demand all the church lands but in reality, catholic landowner refused to give up the church lands so the pope had to accept it
Why did Mary i priorotise marriage
Mary was 37 when she became queen, she put marriage at the top of the political agenda, she needed an heir to secure succession, in July 1554 the Spanish marriage took place which was as much political as personal as the marriage marked an alliance between England and Spain, in 1554 the treaty revived an alliance first established by the treaty of Medina del Campo
What were the terms of the treaty of del campo revisited
-power to govern England rested with Mary alone
-England not to be involved in Spanish wars
-Philip was to be ‘king of england’ for the duration of Mary’s life only
-if Mary dies first, the crown does not pass tohilip
If childless, the crown passes to Elizabeth
Mary I involvement in the Wyatt rebellion (1554)
In Jan 1554 the rebellion began
-it was provoked mainly by anti- Spanish feelings
-the rebellion was crushed, despite attracting popularity
Mary i involvement in relations with France
England was drawn into war with France
-(1557) Mary declares war on france and sends an army
-the war leads to the loss of Calais, England’s last continental land
Privy council under Mary i
No change in gov during Mary’s reign
Privy council remained center of administration
One problem was that it was too large to conduct business
Some ministers had no real political ability
The first weeks of her reign were dominated with Mary choosing councilors and there was a rival between Catholics and Protestant
Sir William Piaget led the nucleus of the council
Mary i and Bloody Mary
The reputation of ‘bloody Mary’ came out of her religious tendencies
She tried to enforce Catholicism through torture and burnings
Despite Mary burning some 300 Protestant heretics, the reintroduction of Catholicism was welcomed
Economic issues under Mary i
- the Marian gov inherited some serious economic problems
-these economic issues can be traced all the way back to Henry 8th
-northumberland (under Edward VI) tried to debase the coinage to solve the problem - Mary made things worse by giving away crown lands to re- establish monastic foundations
- during her reign, the economic situation became worse
- a series of bad harvests and epidemics of sweating sickness made things worse
-all resulting in high mortality rates and lack f food
-the governments policy was to restrict the movement of textile and other industries like Henry VIII
What were the economic problems under Mary i
Inherited - debasement of the coinage
Natural - poor harvest and epidemics
Marys issues - restriction of sales of textiles
