Marxists

Question 1

Ideological State Apparatus

Answer 1

schools prepare working-class pupils to accept a life of exploitation

Question 2

Correspondence theory

Answer 2

A rigid hierarchy of authority exists among teachers ( headteacher, deputy and classroom teacher) and between teachers and students who obey orders. There is a rigid hierarchy where a CEO is at the top and different levels of managers below who make decisions and give orders

Question 3

Reproduction and Legitimisation of social class inequality

Answer 3

Marxists argue that education aims to legitimise and reproduce class inequalities by forming a subservient class and workforce. Education also prepares children of the capitalist ruling class (the bourgeoisie) for positions of power. Education is part of the ‘superstructure’

Question 4

Myth of Meritocracy

Answer 4

the proletariat are persuaded to believe that the rich and powerful reached their positions through their hard work and natural ability rather than because of their privileged birth because this then leads them to accept inequality as fair

Question 5

Althusser

Answer 5

ideological state apparatus

Question 6

Bowles & Gintis

Answer 6

schools rewarded students with characteristics such as being hard-working, disciplined, obedient and unquestioning of authority. students demonstrating greater independence and creative thinking were more likely to gain lower grades

Question 7

Willis

Answer 7

‘lads’ anti-school subculture
he concluded that school was not working very well as an agent of socialisation: there was no value consensus here: pupils were actively rejecting the norms and values of society. As such, they were a long way from the hard-working, docile, obedience workers suggested by Bowles & Gintis