External factors on gender differences

Question 1

Gender Socialisation

Answer 1

agencies of social control reinforce gender stereotypes. for example parents are more likely to read to girls than boys. when boys are read to its usually by their mother, therefore reading is seen as feminised

Question 2

Bedroom culture

Answer 2

girls are much more likely to stay inside and do educational activities like reading from a young age, and boys are less likely to do as many educational activities

Question 3

crisis of masculinity

Answer 3

Boys may lack the same ambition as girls because of declining opportunities and the role of the male breadwinner

Question 4

changes to employment sectors

Answer 4

less opportunities for hard labour jobs

Question 5

literacy skills

Answer 5

girls have better literacy skills than boys throughout education. girls leisure activities encourage use of language. girls perform better on average as they understand language. policies to tackle boys literacy; playing for success, raising boys achievement project etc

Question 6

role models in wider society

Answer 6

women are beginning to be represented in higher positions leading to girls in school wanting to achieve highly to get those same jobs.

Question 7

impact of feminism

Answer 7

The women’s movement and feminism challenge gender stereotypes of women at home as homemakers and mothers as well as raising awareness of patriarchy and sex discrimination. girls have greater ambitions for careers

Question 8

Oakley

Question 9

McRobbie

Answer 9

compared women’s magazines, early magazines focused on getting married and not being ‘left on the shelf’, later magazines portrayed more assertive and independent women