Market Revolution + Immigration

Question 1

Rev. Moves to US!

Answer 1

• New England first!
  »> NE had waterways, workforce, poor farmland (urban cities)
• Louisiana Purchase + War of 1812 accelerated IR
  »> access to more raw material goods and increased need for self sufficiency
• Samuel Slater (the traitor)- Eng. Built first textile mill in Pawtucket RI, 1793
• Lowell Mills (1822)- system employed female workers and immigrants
• invention + entrepreneurship= capitalism

Question 2

Effects of Market Revolution

Answer 2

• population increase
  »> immigration bc more unskilled labor opportunities
• increased productivity (food, clothing)
• increase in life expectancy (med tech)
• limited resources, unlimited wants
  »> scarcity of resources, climate change, overpopulation(?)

Question 3

Malthusian Collapse

Answer 3

• Thomas Malthus
• population would exceed caring capacity
• can’t sustain population w/ limited resources, humanity would be wiped out
• there would be a “correction” population to bring pop. down (ex. plague)
• aka too many people=system wide collapse to bring pop. down again

Question 4

Communist Manifesto (1848)

Answer 4

• Karl Marx
• problem: all history= history of class struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie
• solution: end classes, everybody economically equal
• “from each according to ability, to each according to need”
  »> everybody pitches in w/ own specific skillset and makes sure everybody’s needs are met
• critiques:
  »> greed (human nature), inefficiency, lack of innovation (no profit= no motive), class warfare, power structures=people slave for state + dictator (abuses and inequities)

Question 5

Cotton Gin

Answer 5

• Eli Whitney
• 1793
• removed seeds from usable cotton 50x faster
• “King Cotton”
• industry booms
• increased demand for land + slaves (slave labor indispensable)
• major player in global trade

Question 6

Interchangeable Parts

Answer 6

• Eli Whitney
• 1793
• method of producing items from similar components (firearms)
• ex. component A+B then put into C…
• assembly lines
• mass production
• unskilled labor
• easier to repair
• discrepancy between workers + factory owners

Question 7

Steam Ship

Answer 7

• Robert Fulton
• 1807
• steam engine on a boat
• travel up+ down Mississippi River-> wealth
• improved transportation (upstream)
• movement of goods/people (Canal Era 1800-1850)
• interconnected entire economy

Question 8

Steel Plow

Answer 8

• John Deere
• 1830
• more durable plow to “break” hard/rocky soil
• opened Midwest to agriculture
• food production increase-
  >population increase
• major agricultural cities in Midwest
• triangle trade in US

Question 9

Mechanical Reaper

Answer 9

• Cyrus McCormick
• 1830
• horse-drawn machine, allowing for faster harvesting of wheat
• food production increase->population increase
• overproduction=low farm prices + soil depletion because farmers needed to grow more crops for more profit
• major agricultural cities in Midwest
• triangle trade in US

Question 10

Telegraph

Answer 10

• Samuel Morse
• 1840
• transmit messages over long distances with morse code
• increased business efficiency
• faster communication
• news faster
• military uses (esp. in Civil War)

Question 11

Sewing Machine

Answer 11

• Isaac Singer
• 1850
• stitch cloth together 100x faster than by hand
• clothing production increase
• population increase
• jobs increase (esp. for women and immigrants)

Question 12

Immigration = …

Answer 12

fruit salad!
- Irish + German (NW Euro)

Question 13

Pushes to Immigration

Answer 13

• IRL- potato famine (1830s)
• IRL- enclosure of farms
• GER- political upheaval, wars

Question 14

Pulls to Immigration

Answer 14

• Market Rev = jobs!
• land in West
• political democracy (voting= pol. rights, civil libs)
• religious freedom
• 1849- Gold Rush in CA
  »> US= land of opp.

Question 15

Impacts

Answer 15

• settled in NE (Ind. most prevalent, urbanization, ports)
• urban political machines: traded services for voters
  »> every city had centralizing pol. force, so would provide services to imm’s and get their votes
  »> rampant corruption (Tammany Hall NYC- Boss Tweed)
• xenophobia- fear/hatred of immigrants/outsiders (ex. “irish need not apply”)
• nativism- people who consider themselves heir to America (WASPS- white, anglo-saxan, protestants)
• know-nothing party: informal gang to terrorize irish immigrants (anonymous)- became Rep. party

Question 16

Contributions

Answer 16

• food + bev
• GER= smart (Kindergarten), printing press-> abolitionism, engineering, science
• industrial + agric. practices
• religious diversity
• population increase
• physical labor
• union has adv. in Civil War

Question 17

Asian Immigration

Answer 17

• West Coast
• “Yellow Peril”»> Chinese Exclusion Act (1842-1943)
  »> no Chinese immigrants to US
• propaganda: Chinese= violent, attacking Am. womanhood
• cultural, religious. linguistic, physical differences (harder to be accepted)
• Gold Rush, mining, RRs(Chinese Labor Contracts)