Era of Good Feelings

Question 1

Causes of EoGF

Answer 1

1. Victory in War of 1812 (surge in nationalism)
2. One-Party System (only D-R, less tensions)
3. Market Revolution = economic boom
4. Westward Expansion (opportunity)

Question 2

American System

Answer 2

• Great Triumvirate (Congress): Henry Clay (KY), Daniel Webster (MA), John C Calhoun (SC)
• economic plan to promote growth and development
  3 parts:
  1. protective tariffs
  2. strong national bank
  3. infrastructure improvements

Question 3

Tariffs

Answer 3

• increase tariffs (tax on exportation) to protect US manufacturing from Euro exports
• opposed by South bc South needs to import goods ( no manufacturing) and retaliatory tariffs hurt agr. exports
• North supported bc was primarily where manufacturing took place

Question 4

BUS

Answer 4

• BUS renewed from 1816-1836
• regulate currency and provide loans

Question 5

Infrastructure

Answer 5

• transportation improvements
  » mostly in North, opposed by South
• Strict Constructionists v. Loose Constructionists (power for infrastructure not in Const.)
• South opposed bc getting taxed for things that would benefit North
  A. Cumberland Road (1st. National Highway)
  B. Erie Canal- connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean (state funded)– direct transport from interior to exterior (trade!!)
  C. Railroads- began in 1825, full swing by 1850

Question 6

Characteristics

Answer 6

Westward expansion, increased sectionalism (regional divide), increased party divide (Const. + regional + party divide)

Question 7

Marshall Court

Answer 7

• Chief Justice John Marshall– Federalist appointed by Adams (outlasted his party)
• increase federal power, loose interpretation of Const.
  A. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• BUS in Const. (necessary and proper clause enforced)
• states can’t tax fed gov (enforce fed. supremacy over states)
  B. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• steamship case, state license v. federal license
• Fed gov’t wins, expands def. of interstate commerce (expands fed. gov’s power– in charge of economy)

Question 8

Foreign Policy

Answer 8

• Sec. of State JQA (whig, abolitionist)
  1. rapproachment w/ GB
  2. more assertive policy

Question 9

Rapproachment (again)

Answer 9

• no more disagreements w/ GB again
• demilitarized US/CAN border + GR lakes (contention–> normal behavior)
• joint occupation of Oregon for 10 yrs- favors US
  » American favor- can send more people to travel West
• de-escalation, but put US in favorable position bc no holding back of expansion
• policy based on expanding territory

Question 10

More Assertive Foreign Policy

Answer 10

• Jackson launches military operation
  »> story of US going to FL to root out threats to border but reality is to take out Garrison + raise flag
• tacit approval from Monroe to give plausible deniability
  »> if it backfired, Monroe could backpedal by cutting Jackson loose
• JQA negotiates purchase from SP (1819)- US becomes eager to “flex muscle”/use military
• policy all abt expansionism

Question 11

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 11

Background:
- Latin Am. Revolutions in which Europeans being kicked out of own territories
- Russian interest in Pac. NW (fear of Russia taking WC)
Policy:
- “close the door” to new European colonization of Western hemisphere
- any attempts to get involved would be seen as a direct attack on US
- US + GB enforcement of Monroe Doc. on Atl. Ocean (other countries couldn’t ignore GB)
- shows US confidence in affairs + eye towards expansion (if keep Euro powers out, can take over land themselves)

Question 12

Why’d it End?

Answer 12

E- panic of 1819
S- slavery debate (Missouri)
P- Whig/Dem. split

Question 13

Panic of 1819

Answer 13

• local banks printing own notes to provide loans
• BUS alarmed by accumulation of local bank notes; demands repayment from banks to contract money supply
• local banks called in loans from borrowers to repay BUS (currency bubble exposed)
• borrowers couldn’t repay banks»>local banks couldn’t repay BUS
• local banks failed and depositors lost money
• no buying, selling, or lending: Speculator’s investments lost all value, surplus goods went unsold, unemployment rose

Question 14

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Answer 14

• 11/11 free/slave states> MO threw off balance?
  »> atp. North gaining grasp on HOR, south losing bc of Market Rev + immigration (numerical adv.)
• HOR voted to barr slavery in MO (every new piece of land had debate between N/S)
• Clay» > compromises
  1. MO= slave state/ ME = free state (to maintain balance)
  2. 36/30 line to decide free/slave state (horizontal line drawn: if above line free, if south of line then slave)
• lasted until Dred Scott, tensions around 1850s
• delay of the inevitable (acc to TJ)

Question 15

1824 Pres. Election

Answer 15

• Whig vs. Dems
• “Corrupt Bargin”
• Monroe= unity/last of old Rep. so new ambitious pol. leaders
• newcomer= AJ (hated Brits, patrotic)
• 3 candidates–> no majority in electoral college (goes to HOR)
  »> JQA, Clay (speaker of HOR), Jackson (won popular vote)
• “Corrupt Bargain”= JQA as Pres. Clay as Sec. of State
• conspiracy= Congress undermined will of people (used by AJ)

Question 16

JQA Failed Presidency

Answer 16

1. election controversy (shouldn’t have won?)
2. support tariff increases + infrastructure; alienate South
3. out of touch Yankee
4. unpopular Indian policy (fairness!–Xpansion disagreed)
5. Bitter election of 1828 v. Jackson