Marine and Land Envenomations; Plants and Mushrooms Flashcards
worlds most venomous fish
stonefish
toxin of stonefish
stonus toxin with catecholamine release
Treatment for stonefish stonus toxin
Antivenom?
hot water on would inactivates toxins
equine
True or false? all sea snakes are venomous
True
what percent of sea snake bites are dry bites?
80% and means no venom injected
most venomous marine life
box jellyfish
antidote for box jellyfish venom?
antibody derived from sheep
C. barnesi (Irukandji) jellyfish
mechanism
catecholamine surge
cardiopulmonary manifestations
no antidote
stingrays
tail like on dorsal lacerates and envenomates
edema and severe pain
most toxicity due to trauma or infection
treatment: wound care and antimicrobrials
Scorpaenidae
least to most toxic
lionfish, scorpionfish, and stonefish
Scorpaenidae venom and treatment
inflammatory mediator (stonus toxin and verrucotoxin) and stonefish releases catecholamine treatment: toxin inactivated with hot water and stonefish antivenom for severe cases
weaverfish toxin
drachotoxin causes pain and hemolysis
most dangerous sea snakes
beaked sea snake
yellow bellied sea snake
sea snake venom causes?
neurotoxicity, myotoxicity and hemolytic anemia
Cnidaria (Jellyfish)
Types?
mainly nematocysts, which shoot venom into prey and In N. America, use hot water for all but Physalia. Most other jellyfish, including Physalia should receive vinegar
P. physalis (Portuguese Man of War) - inflammatory mediators and proteases in venom
C. fleckeri (Box Jellyfish) - gG antivenom available
C. barnesi (Irukandji) jellyfish - no antivenom available
