lecture 4 avoidable tox disasters

Question 1

london fog and smog led to which act?

Answer 1

clean air act 1956 - reduced burning of coal and monitored quality of air

Question 2

diethylene glycol used to dilute elixir led to which act?

Answer 2

Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act 1938 ensured drug is proven safe before placed on market

Question 3

sulfathiazole antibiotic was replaced accidentally with phenobarbital in manufacturing

Answer 3

GMP - Good Manufacturing Practices

Transparency in manufacturing process

Question 4

over the counter L-tryptophan supplement causing eosinophilia and myalgia syndrome led to which act?

Answer 4

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994cannot make claims for marketing but FDA does not regulate

Question 5

most unintentional nondrug poisoning death?

Answer 5

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Question 6

organophosphate poisoning

porphyria cutanea tarda

Answer 6

Hexacholorbenzene

Question 7

flour contamination with methylenedianiline

Answer 7

epping jaundice

Question 8

neuromuscular changes

Answer 8

aniline in rapeseed oil

Question 9

melanosis

greatest mass poisoning in history

Answer 9

arsenic in ground water

Question 10

teratogen
chronic brain damage
tunnel vision
congenital defects

Answer 10

methyl mercury

Question 11

osteomalacia

Answer 11

cadmium

Question 12

ginger jake paralysis

organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy

Answer 12

Triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP)

Question 13

congestive heart failure

cardiomyopathy

Answer 13

Cobalt

Question 14

causes blindness and death if not treated

Answer 14

methanol

Question 15

destuction of cells in substantia nigra

causes irreversible parkinsonism

Answer 15

MPPP (meperidine analog)

Question 16

respiratory depression

antidote is Naloxone

Answer 16

fentanyl

Question 17

anticholinergic poisoning

Answer 17

scopolamine

Question 18

mutism and spastic quadriparesis

spongiform leukoencephalopathy

Answer 18

chasing the dragon

heroin + aluminum foil

Question 19

phocomelia

sedative and antiemetic drug in pregnant women

Answer 19

Thalidomide

Question 20

prevents miscarriages or premature delivery
causes breast cancer in mothers
endometiral/cervical/vaginal cancer in daughters
testicular cancer in sons

Answer 20

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Question 21

Hepatic Angiosarcoma rate
Thorotrastomas
For radiographic IV contrast
contains thorium dioxice

Answer 21

Thorotrast

Question 22

subacute myelooptic nerupathy

used as antibacterial and antiparasitic agent

Answer 22

Clioquinol

Question 23

used as perservative in IV solutions

neonatal gasping syndrome

Answer 23

Benzyl Alcohol

Question 24

eosinophilia myalgia syndrome

dietary supplement health and education act 1994

Answer 24

L-tryptophan

Question 25

cardiac valvulopathy and pulmonary hypertension

Answer 25

fenfluramine and phentermine (fen-phen)

Question 26

mad hatter disease

Answer 26

mercury

Question 27

phossy jaw | mandibular osteonecrosis

Answer 27

white phosphorus

Question 28

bladder tumors | dyemakers

Answer 28

Beta Naphthylamine

Question 29

bladder tumors | dyemakers

Answer 29

Beta Naphthylamine

Question 30

aplastic anemia | carcinogen

Answer 30

benzene

Question 31

hepatic angiosarcoma | plastic workers

Answer 31

vinyl chloride

Question 32

mesotheliomia, lung cancer | shipbuilding, insulating, fireproofing

Answer 32

asbestos

Question 33

male cancers with infertility | factory workers

Answer 33

pesticides chlorodecone - Organochlorine inseciticide DBCP - soil fumigant

Question 34

``` organochlorine chloracne heart/circulatory problems liver damage reduced reproductivity ```

Answer 34

dioxin - TCDD

Question 35

bronchitis

Answer 35

london fog

Question 36

vasospasm | gangrene

Answer 36

claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus