Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Biodiversity

Question 1

key characteristics of marine ecosystems

Answer 1

Phytoplankton energy base
Ocean currents and tides move nutrients and organisms
Vertical stratification affects community structure

Question 2

shoreline where tide comes in and out

Answer 2

Littoral zone

Question 3

varying conditions in a water column of open ocean

Answer 3

Pelagic zones

Question 4

ocean/sea floor

Answer 4

Benthic zone

Question 5

tidal shores

Answer 5

coral reefs, estuaries, and mangroves

Question 6

composed of calcium-rich skeletons of colonial animals that live symbiotically with algae

Answer 6

coral reefs

Question 7

salt-tolerant trees that grow along marine coasts

Answer 7

mangroves

Question 8

bays were rivers empty to seas, a mix of fresh and salt water

Answer 8

estuaries

Question 9

large basin of water surrounded by land

Answer 9

lakes

Question 10

light, oxygen, nutrients decrease with depth

Answer 10

vertical stratification

Question 11

Key factors that affect lake communities

Answer 11

Nutrient levels
Suspended matter
Depth
Temperature
Currents

Question 12

land is saturated/submerged at least part of the year

Answer 12

wetlands

Question 13

characteristics of wetlands

Answer 13

Very rich biodiversity
Essential for migratory birds
Retain storm water and reduce flooding
Replenish groundwater and filter runoff

Question 14

examples of wetlands

Answer 14

swamps, marshes, bogs, fens

Question 15

wetland that has trees

Answer 15

swamps

Question 16

wetland that doesn’t have trees

Answer 16

marshes

Question 17

fed by rain, deep layer of vegetation

Answer 17

bogs

Question 18

wetland that is fed by groundwater

Answer 18

fens

Question 19

form when precipitation drains from the land.

constantly moving/changing systems

Answer 19

streams

Question 20

variety of living things

Answer 20

biodiversity

Question 21

measure of the number of genetic characteristics within a species

Answer 21

genetic diversity

Question 22

number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems

Answer 22

species diversity

Question 23

depends on interbreeding ability

Answer 23

biological definition of species diversity

Question 24

genetic similarity

Answer 24

Phylogenetic species concept

Question 25

evolutionary history and common ancestors

Answer 25

Evolutionary species concept

Question 26

number of niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes

Answer 26

ecological diversity

Question 27

areas with the most rich concentrations of biodiversity (species and otherwise)

Answer 27

hot spots

Question 28

importance of biodiversity--human benefits

Answer 28

``` Food Medicine Aesthetics Cultural value Existence value ```

Question 29

importance of biodiversity--ecological benefits

Answer 29

Ecosystem stability