Basics of Evolution

Question 1

the change in heritable traits of a biological population over time

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

Due to differential survival and reproduction
Can be relatively slow or fast
Many misconceptions:
Survival of the fittest ≠ progression to the “best”

Answer 2

evolution

Question 3

Mechanisms of evolution

Answer 3

natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift

Question 4

environmental pressures

Answer 4

natural selection

Question 5

random changes in genetics

Answer 5

mutation

Question 6

introduction of new genes

Answer 6

gene flow

Question 7

genetic traits shift over time

Answer 7

genetic drift

Question 8

development of a new species as a result of reproductive barriers

Answer 8

Speciation

Question 9

types of speciation

Answer 9

allopatric and sympatric speciation

Question 10

certain traits are favored, become predominant

Answer 10

selection pressures

Question 11

selection types

Answer 11

stabilizing, directional, disruptive

Question 12

Relationships between species and linking to common ancestors

Answer 12

taxonomy

Question 13

Genus + species

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, subspecies

Answer 13

scientific name

Question 14

place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives

Answer 14

habitat

Question 15

single factor in shortest supply that a species needs to survive

Answer 15

Critical factors

Question 16

minimum and maximum levels of a factor that affect survival

Answer 16

Tolerance limits

Question 17

the presence of a species can mark certain conditions

Answer 17

indicator species

Question 18

the role a species plays in a biological community and the factors that determine its distribution

Answer 18

niche

Question 19

Mechanisms that create niches

Answer 19

competitive exclusion and resource partitioning

Question 20

two species can’t occupy the same niche at the same time owing to competition

Answer 20

competitive exclusion

Question 21

species specialize in certain parts of a resource

Answer 21

resource partitioning