March 26

Question 1

How to measure fear of humans

Answer 1

• Reaction to a stationary human
• Reaction to a moving or approaching human (human approach test)
• Reaction to handling

Question 2

Consequences/benefits of mutual grooming

Answer 2

• Helps maintain social relationships
• Restores harmony after a conflict
• Reduces stress

Question 3

Transport stressors

Answer 3

• Changes in temperature, humidity, air quality
• Mixing unfamiliar animals
• Climbing and descending ramps (fear and physical demands)
• Confinement in unfamiliar places
• Restricted movements
• Unfamiliar movement, vibration, noise, inhalant
• Disrupted feeding patterns

Question 4

Effects of transport on animals

Answer 4

• Physiological indicators of stress
• Changes in behaviour
• Incidence of injuries
• Poor carcass and meat quality

Question 5

PSE meat

Answer 5

Pale, Soft, Exudative
- rapid post-mortem drop in pH (5-5.3)
- due to short term pre-slaughter stress

Question 6

DFD meat

Answer 6

Dark, Firm, Dry
- slow post-mortem drop in pH (>6.1)
- due to longer duration of pre-slaughter stress

Question 7

3 truck designs (pigs?)

Answer 7

• Potbelly trailer
• Modified trailer (potbelly with added fans and drinkers)
• Pezzaioli trailer (hydraulic decks that facilitate loading and unloading; fans, drinkers and water misters)

Question 8

Innovative dutch trailer ‘berdex’

Answer 8

fans, flat hydraulic decks, water and water mister

Question 9

Requirements (welfare) for humane slaughter

Answer 9

• Animals must be “stunned” before “exsanguination”
• “Stunning” must induce unconsciousness as quickly as possible
• When stunning is done correctly the animal does not feel pain and becomes instantly unconscious

Question 10

3 modes of humane slaughter

Answer 10

1) Stunning methods
2) Electrical
3) CO2 stunning

Question 11

Captive-bolt pistol (slaughter methods)

Answer 11

• Penetrative: more effective lower chance or error
• Non penetrative (may not fracture skull)

Question 12

Electrical (slaughter methods)

Answer 12

• Widely used in pigs and poultry
• May cause blood speckle and splash
• Animals must be individually restrained and this causes fear and stress
• Potential for incorrectly stunned animals

Question 13

CO2 stunning (humane slaughter)

Answer 13

• Pigs respond aversively to high CO2
• Loss of consciousness for pigs after 33-47seconds