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geography 2022 > mapping > Flashcards

mapping Flashcards

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1
Q

how can you determine the height of a slope

A

by studying the contour lines—the closer the contour lines, the steeper the slope; the farther apart the contour lines, the gentler the slope.

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2
Q

what are the four different types of slopes

A

gentle uniform slope
steep uniform slope
concave
convex

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3
Q

what are gentle uniform slopes

A

Contour lines showing a uniform, gentle slope will be evenly spaced and wide apart

if you had to climb it you would find there is only a slight incline.

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4
Q

what are steep uniform slope

A

Contour lines showing a uniform, steep slope on a map will be evenly spaced, but close together. Remember, the closer the contour lines, the steeper the slope

If you had to climb this hill you would have to negotiate a steep incline.

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5
Q

what are concave slopes

A

Contour lines showing a concave slope on a map will be closely spaced at the top of the terrain feature and widely spaced at the bottom.

If you had to climb this slope you would find it becomes more difficult as you got farther up the slope.

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6
Q

what are convex slopes

A

Contour lines showing a convex slope on a map will be widely spaced at the top and closely spaced at the bottom.

If you were to climb this slope you would have a difficult climb to begin with and an easier climb as you near the top.

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7
Q

what are the main maps you will be studying

A

topographic maps

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8
Q

what are the 5 essential elements of a map

A

border
orientation
legend/key
title
scale

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9
Q

what do topographic maps use to locate features precisely

A

easting and northings

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10
Q

what are eastings

A

lines running up and down topographic maps

they are called this because they represent lines east of the origin for the grid

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11
Q

what are northings

A

lines running across maps called northings.

horizontal lines are called northings because they represent lines north of the origin for the grid

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12
Q

what does putting eastings and nothings together form

A

a grid

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13
Q

what are physical features

A

natural features of a landscape

e.g rivers, streams, forest, swamps

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14
Q

what are cultural features

A

man-made features

e.g towns, highways, railways, built-up areas

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15
Q

what do contour lines tell you

A

something about the slope, shape and height if the land

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16
Q

the closer together the contour lines ……

A

the steeper the slope of the land

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17
Q

the wide apart the contour lines……

A

the gentler the slope if the land

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18
Q

what is the height difference between each contour lines called

A

the contour interval

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19
Q

what are the bolder contour lines called

A

index contours

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20
Q

what do index contours indicate

A

that the contour line is of greater signifcance

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21
Q

equator =

A

0 degrees latitude

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22
Q

prime meridian =

A

0 degrees longitude

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23
Q

what comes first lat or long

A

latitude always comes before longitude

therefore south will always come before east in Australia

24
Q

how many minutes in a degree

A

60 minutes in a degree

25
Q

when expressing latitude and longitude which side to you express first

A

the south will come first, go down your map on the side

then the east or the along the top of the map will go after

26
Q

how do you measure area of a map

A
  1. look at the scale of the map = 1:25,000
  2. measure one of the sides of the grind squares = 4 cm
  3. convert the side on the map to full representation 4x25,000 = 100,000
  4. divide by 100 (1000m) divide by 1000 (1km)
  5. count the squares greater or equal to half a square
27
Q

what is the formula for finding time

A

D/Sx60/1=T

28
Q

what is the formula for finding distance

A

S/60xT=D

29
Q

what is the formula for speed travelled

A

60xD/T=S

30
Q

how do you measure gradient

A
  1. meausure the distance between the two points (in m)
  2. find the difference in height between the two points
  3. rise over run= put the height difference on top and the distance on the bottom
  4. this will give you a 0. something value
  5. divid 1/0. whatever the value is
  6. then round up or down to make it a whole number and it put it into ratio form (1; something)
31
Q

what are the different scales of maps

A

small scale, medium scale, large scale

32
Q

what is an example of a small scale map

A

1:5,000,000- world map- small scale of detail

33
Q

what is an example of a medium scale map

A

1:25,000- topographic map- medium level of detail

34
Q

what is an example of a large scale map

A

1:5000- street map- large level of detail

35
Q

site features are generally taken to refer to the physical features of the landscape and include

A

contours (height, gradiet of slope)
landforms (flood plain, undulating plain, valley, location, river plain)
drainage (streams, confluence location, presence of swamps, inundation of area)
vegetation (density of vegetation)

36
Q

what terms should you use to describe site

A

on, at, in, beside or next to

37
Q
  1. what is an example of a site characteristic
A

the west australian glof club course is sited on land that is appromimatley 30-70 metres ASL

38
Q

what does ASL stand for

A

above sea level

39
Q
  1. what is an example of a site characteristic
A

the west australian golf club course is sited on a concave with approximately 40 metres variation in elevation

40
Q
  1. what is an example of a site characteristic
A

the west australian golf club course is sited on the swam coastal plain

41
Q

situational features refer to the relative location of a settlement, in particular with the surrounding region. this includes

A

direction and distance from other significant places or features
its position along a road or railway
its latitude and longitude

42
Q

when describing situational do not use …..

A

grid refernce only

43
Q

when describing situation, you should use terms such as:

A

distance (metres/kilometres) and compass direction (or bearing) from another feature/location near to or between.

44
Q
  1. what is an example of a situation characteristic
A

the west australian golf club course is situated at latitude 310 54’S and longitude 1150 51’E

44
Q
  1. what is an example of a situation characteristic
A

the west australian glof club course is situated approximately 250 metres east of flinders street

45
Q
  1. what is an example of a situation characteristic
A

the west australian golf club course is situated approximately 250 metres south of morley drive

46
Q

how to find area of a shape, when it ask for hectates then gives you

one hectare is 10,000 m2

A
  1. measure the length and width of the shape. if its irregular try get the longest side
  2. times these measurements with your scale of your map.
  3. since it states that m2 is equal to one hectare and we need to find how many hectares convert the measurements from cm to m
  4. this number should be quite big as the number times together should be in the 1000
  5. divide the number by 10,000 to see how many hectares are in your measurements
  6. write the closest answer, your answer might not be perfect due to the shape being irregular
47
Q

whats a hill

A

On a hill, the contour lines form circles whereby the values of their elevation increase from the edge to the centre.

48
Q

whats a valley

A

River valley make a V shaped pattern with the V pointing upstream to the source of the river. The river flows down hill in the opposite direction. The direction of flow can be checked by reading the heights of the contours that cross the river or by looking at the spot heights nearby.

49
Q

whats a plain

A

A plain is an expanse of level land close to sea level. They can be very flat with little variation in height and therefore have few contour lines or they may be undulating with minor variations in height and scattered low hills or ridges. Perth is located on the Swan Coastal Plain.

50
Q

whats a spur

A

A spur is an elongated projection of higher land jutting into a valley.

The ground will slope down in three directions and up in one. Contour lines on a map depict a spur with the U or V pointing away from high ground.

51
Q

whats is a ridge

A

A ridge is a sloping line of high ground. When standing on the centerline of a ridge, there is usually low ground in three directions and high ground in one direction with varying degrees of slope. When crossing a ridge at right angles, there is a steep climb to the crest and then a steep descent to the base. When moving along the path of the ridge, depending on the geographic location, there may be either an almost unnoticeable slope or a very visible incline. Contour lines forming a ridge tend to be U-shaped or V-shaped. The closed end of the contour line points away from high ground.

On a map, a ridge is depicted as two contour lines (often of the same contour) running side by side at the same elevation for some distance.

52
Q

whats a escarpment

A

An escarpment is an area of the Earth where elevation changes suddenly. There is little difference between a cliff and an escarpment. Some argue that an escarpment separates two land forms whereas a cliff is a coastal landform.

53
Q

what is a saddle

A

A saddle is a dip or low point between two areas of higher ground. A saddle is not necessarily the lower ground between two hilltops; it may be simply a dip or break along a level ridge crest. When standing in a saddle, there is high ground in two opposite directions and lower ground in the other two directions. A saddle typically looks like an hourglass.

54
Q

what is a cliff

A

A cliff is a high area of rock with a very steep side, often vertical and often on a coast. If there is any difference between an escarpment and a cliff it is the degree of incline of the slope.

55
Q

what is a saddle usaully shaped as

A

a hour glass

geography 2022 (8 decks)

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