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Cell Bio And Disease > Mapk Pathways > Flashcards

Mapk Pathways Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main mapk in humans

A

P38 a-d , jnk 1-4, erk 1/2

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2
Q

What are the mapkk in all 3 mapk pathways in humans

A

Mek 1-7

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3
Q

Which Mek mapkk is shared by jnk and p38

A

Mek 4

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4
Q

What type of responses does erk do

A

Proliferation, diff, development , survival, migration

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5
Q

What are the 4 major signals for erk pathway via grb2 activation via sh2 etc

A

Egf (egfr)

Pdgf (pdgfr)

Insulin (ir)

Ngf (ngfr)

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6
Q

What is pdgf signalling for

A

Wound healing

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7
Q

What is ngf signalling for

A

Growth of neurones

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8
Q

What other 2 mapkk activate / phosphorylate erk

A

Mos and tpl2

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9
Q

What is mos for

A

Activates both p38 and erk to induce nfkb production which is a tf for things like survival

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10
Q

What does tpl2 do

A

Regulation of tumours via erk

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11
Q

What cytoplasmic effect does erk have

A

Pla2 phospholipase a2 production which allows formation of arachidonic acid which used to produce pge2 etc

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12
Q

Which 2 tf are activated as nuclear targets of erk and why

A

C Fos and c myc

C fos (ap 1 tf)

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13
Q

What does c myc do

A

Control elongation in txn

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14
Q

What things does c fos ap1 regulate

A

Genes for pro, differentiation, apoptosis

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15
Q

Which 2 phosphatases de phosphorylate erk

A

Ptp- sl (Dephos phosphotyrosine residues)

Dusps (dephos tyrosine, thr and ser residues)

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16
Q

What treatments have been targeting erk pathway for cancer

A

Receptor mutation treatment

Ras blocking to membrane

Raf inhibitors

Mek inhibitors

Combination (eg Mek and raf inhibitors)

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17
Q

What melanoma treatment was used to target erk

A

Raf inhibitor

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18
Q

What are the main issues in erk cancer treatment

A

Relapse

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19
Q

What are the major signals for p38 pathway

A

Osmotic stress, cytokines eg il1, death receptors, oxidative stress

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20
Q

What are the 5 mapkkk in p38 path

A

Mekk 1-4, ask1, dlk

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21
Q

What is ask1 mapkkk for

A

Apoptosis response via p38

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22
Q

What is dlk mapkkk for

A

Neurodegeneration control

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23
Q

What are the 2 main mapkk in p38 pathway

A

Mkk 3,6

24
Q

Which Isoform of p38 is the only one that has mapkk mkk 4 instead of 3 or 6

A

P38 alpha

25
Q

How are the 4 p38 isoforms produced

A

Differential RNA splicing

26
Q

Give examples of p38 action

A

Inflammation, proliferation, diff, apoptosis , RNA splicing , senescence

27
Q

Which effectors of p38 phosphorylate creb and histones

A

Msk 1/2

28
Q

What do mk 2/3 do which are effectors of p38

A

Regulate gene exp

29
Q

How do p38 isofomrs differ

A

Different cell targets

30
Q

What dephos p38 for control

A

Protein phosphatases 1 and 2

31
Q

Which p38s are in all tissue

A

A and b

32
Q

Which p38 is only in skeletal muscles

A

Y gamma

33
Q

Where is delta p38 expressed

A

Pancreas, intestine, heart, kidney etc

34
Q

Where is p38 phosphorylsted by mkk 3,4 or 6

A

Tyrosine residues in TGY motif

Thr,glycine, tyr

35
Q

What response would occur if phos of p38 was sustained or short

A

Sustained is apoptosis

Fast phos is growth/proliferation via gf

36
Q

How many mapk paths in yeast cerevisiae

A

4

37
Q

Which mapk is for the pheromone response for mating

A

Fus3

38
Q

Which mapk is for filamentation or incase growth (activated by starvation)

A

Kss1

39
Q

Why is there a lot of potential cross talk between fus3 mating and invasive growth/dilamentstikn of kss1

A

Same mapkkk and mapkk

Ste11 and ste7

40
Q

Which scaffold protein holds fus3 ste11 and 7 to stop it cross talking with kss1 and allows mating

A

Ste5

41
Q

What is the stress induced mapk in cerevisiae , candida and Pom be

A

Hog1

42
Q

Does hog1 have a scaffold

A

Yes pbs2 which also acts as a mapkk for ste11 (yes hog shares mapkkk of fus3 and kss1)

43
Q

Which 2 scaffolds does erk have

A

Ksr and mp1

44
Q

What is always bound to ksr scaffold

A

Mek and raf, erk only associates if signal produced

45
Q

What protein allows mp1 localisation in endosomes to allow it to activate erk path

A

P14

46
Q

Which signal is mp1 important for

A

Egf which is pro and diff

47
Q

Is mek bound to mp1 always

A

Yes

48
Q

How many branches of mapkkk does hog1 in cerevisiae have before the pbs2 and hog1

A

2 (the ste11 one and another )

49
Q

How does hog help osmotic stress

A

Glycerol transport

50
Q

What other responses does hog mediate

A

Cell cycle progession , txn , translation, metabolism, ion transport

51
Q

Which mapk is important for candida virulence so the path is good for drug target

A

Hog1

52
Q

What is the 2 component system of hog in candida

A

The phos of 3 proteins - ( histidine pk, phosphotransfer protein , response regulator)

Inactivates hog phos

This phos is blocked when signals like osmotic stress occurs

53
Q

What is the hog1 called in pombe for stress

A

Sty1

54
Q

What is a target for sty1 in pombe

A

Atf1 mrna stabilisation

Atf1 is a tf important for antioxidant genes

55
Q

What antioxidant enzyme which breaks down hydrogen peroxide binds sty1 in pombe to phosphorylate it during stress

A

Tpx1

Cell Bio And Disease (18 decks)

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