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Cell Bio And Disease > Ecm L9 > Flashcards

Ecm L9 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the basal lamina different in muscle compared to epithelial cells

A

It surrounds it, whereas with epithelial cells it’s at the bottom of it

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2
Q

What are the 3 major functions of ecm

A

Strength - Eg cartilage and bone

Communication

Cell migration/ polarity

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3
Q

What 3 things are in ecm which allow communication/signalling

A

Gf
Hormones
Cytokines

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4
Q

Cell migration occurs when cells pull on the matrix. What is this important for

A

Embryonic development
Angiogenesis
Tumour development - metastasis
Wound repair

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5
Q

What makes the ecm basal lamina

A

Cells surrounding it

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6
Q

Is the basal lamina conserved

A

Yes. Seen in most organisms so similar epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What 2 type 1 collagens are in basal lamina

A

IV and XVIII (4 and 18)

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8
Q

Other than collagen IV and XViII what is in basal lamina ecm

A

Fibronectin and laminin

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9
Q

What are the cells called in connective tissues which are always there

A

Indigenous

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10
Q

What 3 types of cell are in connective tissue (with lots of ecm)

A

Primitive mesenchymal cells

Fibroblasts

Specialised cells

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11
Q

What are primitive mesenchymal cells

A

Undifferentiated in the connective tissues. They differentiate into specialised eg chondrocytes,mast cells, adipocytes

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12
Q

What do fibroblast cells do in connective tissue

A

Produce a lot of ecm in connective tissues

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13
Q

What type of specialised cells make matrix forming Cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

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14
Q

What type of specialised cells make ecm forming bone

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Why is matrix needed eg for bone via osteoblast matrix production

A

For flexibility of bone

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16
Q

What other than indigenous cells are there

A

Immigrant cells eg lymphocytes finding ag in connective tissue

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17
Q

What 3 types of protein is present in ecm connective tissues

A

GAGs/ proteoglycans

Fibrous proteins (collagen)

Other glycoproteins (fibronectin,elastin)

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18
Q

What happens to the 3 protein types in structure like bone nd teeth and cornea

A

They get calcified for strength

19
Q

What gives gags an anionic charge -ve

A

Sulphated

20
Q

What repeating disaccharide makes up gags

A

N acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic acid

Sulphated

21
Q

Give examples of gags

A

Heparin sulphate
Chondroitin sulphate
Keratin sulphate
Hyaluronan / hyaluronic acid

22
Q

What do gags link to to form proteoglycans

A

Core proteins (serine links tetrasachride then the gag)

23
Q

Give example of a simple proteoglycans (1 gag and 1 core)

A

Decorin

24
Q

What are complex proteoglycans

A

Where many gags join into a single core protein

25
Q

Give example of a complex proteoglycan

A

Aggrecan

26
Q

What does aggregation of aggrecans form on 1 linked protein called

A

Hyaluron (the linker protein)

27
Q

What does -ve charge allow for function of gags

A

Binding of many h20 molecules

28
Q

What does aggrecan becoming an auto antigen for B cells cause disease wise

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

Which cells make collagen/fibrous proteins in ecm

A

Fibroblasts

30
Q

Explain the structure of collagen

A

3 a polypeptides form a triple helixes inside cell

Then transported out where they aggregate forming fibrils

Then fibrils aggregate to form a collagen fibre

31
Q

Is collagen the most abundant protein in ecm

A

Yes

32
Q

How many diff genes are for collagen

A

40

33
Q

Type 1 included XVIII (in connective tissues and basal lamina), what is type 2 and where is it

A

Type 2 is found in cartilage

Can be collagen II or IX

34
Q

What substance prevents aggregation of diff helixes to form a fibril inside cells

A

Procollagen (cleaved by enzymes outside of cell to form fibres)

35
Q

What do fibronectin glycoproteins do

A

They allow the ecm Eg collagen to indirectly connect to integrons and the cytoskeleton of a cell

Forms cell ecm connection

36
Q

What is elastin in ecm for

A

For stretch eg of arteries

37
Q

What cell receptors do cells express to allow them to bind to ecm via extracellular domain

A

Integrins (a and b)

38
Q

What things do integrins bind to in ecm eg in basal lamina

A

Collagen IV or XVIII

39
Q

Which integrin subtype needs fibronectin to bind to ecm

A

A5b1

40
Q

How many integrins are there

A

24

41
Q

Which adaptor protein is used by integrin for it to make contact with actin/vinculin

A

Talin (integrin associated protein)

42
Q

Which cellular pathway is activated via integrin ecm and cell binding via talin and collagen

A

FAK

Focal adhesion kinase (for migration, gene expression)

43
Q

Why does integrin need to be activated and then inactivated

A

For movement of cells along the matrix

When activated it has stronger talin and ecm binding

Cell Bio And Disease (18 decks)

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