Cell Signalling Flashcards

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1
Q

How does a signal get to a response

A

Signal

Receptor

Transducers eg sm

Effectors which cause response

Response

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2
Q

What can transducers do

A

Amplify signal from receptor

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3
Q

Give example of effectors

A

Tf, metabolism enzymes eg glycogen synthase, cytokine

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4
Q

What is cross talk

A

Overlap in signals where 2 receptor signals can have same transducer eg same sm camp but cause diff responses

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5
Q

How does transducer determine which signal should work in cross talk

A

Affinity of binding affects it (if bound more then this signal is transduced) and different trigger levels eg diff levels of phosphorylation

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of signal

A

Endocrine for long distance in BV

Paracrine

Autocrine

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7
Q

Give example of paracrine signalling

A

Tgf b release

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8
Q

What type of molecules use cell surface receptors

A

Hydrophilic eg Nt, cytokines, adrenaline

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9
Q

What binds ic

A

Hydrophobic eg steroid oestrogen hormone, NO

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10
Q

What are the 3 cell surface receptors

A

Ion channels (ionotropic) (ligand, voltage, mech)

Gpcr (metabotropic)

Enzyme linked receptors eg rtk

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11
Q

Which cell surface receptor is quickest showing signals have different speeds of onset

A

Ion channels (milliseconds)

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12
Q

Which is the slowest cell surface receptors

A

Enzyme linked

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13
Q

What 2 effects do gpcr have

A

Affect permeability of ion channels eg ca

Or

Regulate enzyme activity which produce secondary messengers eg adenylyl cyclase

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14
Q

which gpcr subunit holds and exchanges gtp for activation

A

A

Dissociates from b and y

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15
Q

How many passes do gpcr have in transmembrane vs enzyme linked

A

7 vs 1

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16
Q

What is the ic catalytic domain in rtk

A

Tyrosine kinase domain

17
Q

What would binding to rtk cause

A

Dimerisation (unless igf insulin receptor which is already a dimer) and autophosphorylstion

18
Q

What are gpcr usually called

A

Serpentine

19
Q

Is the n terminal of gpcr ic or EC

A

EC and c domain is ic

20
Q

Which 2 enzymes are phos and regulated by gpcr a subunit

A

Phospholipase c (ip3 and dag production ) and adenylyl cyclase (camp production )

21
Q

Give example of pka activity activated by camp eg when glucagon binds

A

Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase

Which activates phosphorylase a

(Blocks glycogen synthase)

22
Q

What does dag activate

A

Pkc

23
Q

What does secondary messenger cgmp do

A

Activates pk g eg for smooth muscle relaxation

24
Q

Give example of a rtk which needs dimerised

A

Egf receptor

25
Q

What allows specific protein binding and phos on the tyrosine kinase residues

A

The aa sequence flanking the tyrosine residue binding site

26
Q

Which gpcr needs extra fast activation and slow deactivation

A

Rhodopsin for light change

27
Q

Which gpcr needs slow activation

A

B2

28
Q

How is amplification usually by

A

Increase in secondary messengers

29
Q

What is the exception to amp

A

Rhodopsin which reduces cgmp