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Geography > Manufacturing Industries > Flashcards

Manufacturing Industries Flashcards

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1
Q

Manufacturing

A

The process of producing goods in large quantities from raw materials into more valuable products

ie paper from wood, iron from ore

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2
Q

Manufacturing benefits

A
  1. employment, combat poverty
  2. supports primary and tertiary sectors
  3. foreign exchange
  4. modernise agriculture
  5. decreases reliance on agro based jobs
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3
Q

Share of manufacturing in GDP
1. India
2. East Asia

A
  1. 17%
  2. 25-35%
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4
Q

India’s manufacturing: current growth rate

Desired growth rate

What council has been set up to achieve the goal? How?

A

7-10%

12%

NMCC: National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
appropriate govt policy interventions
efforts by industry

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5
Q

Industrial locations are affected by

A

Labour
Capital
Market
Power
Raw material

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6
Q

Agglomeration economies

A

Cities provide services like banking, transport, financial advice, labour to industries.

Industries come together and make use of these advantages known as agglomeration economies

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7
Q

Industries: Raw materials

A

Agro based
Raw materials from agriculture
Ex: tea, coffee, cotton

Mineral based
Raw materials from rocks and minerals
Ex: Iron and steel, aluminium, cement

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8
Q

Industries: Main role

A

Basic/key industries
Products are used as raw materials by other industries
Iron, steel and copper smelting

Consumer industries
Toothpaste, phones, cars

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9
Q

Industries: Capital Investment

A

Small scale
Maximum investment allowed on assets of a unit <1 crore

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10
Q

Industries: Weight and bulk

A

Heavy industries: iron and steel

Light industries: electrical goods

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11
Q

Industries: Ownership

A

Public Sector: owned by govt
Ex: BHEL, SAIL

Private Sector: private individual or group
Ex: Dabur Industries, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd

Joint sector: jointly owned by govt and individuals
Ex: Oil India Ltd

Cooperative: run by producers, workers, suppliers or all
Ex: Sugar in Maharashtra, Coir in Kerala

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12
Q

Air pollution: definition and causes (4)

A

The presence of undesirable substances like particulate matter, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide in high proportion in the air

Caused by smoke emissions of chemical/paper industries, smelting plants, burning of fossil fuels in factories, brick kilns etc that ignore pollution norms

Gas leaks like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Harms human/animal health, plants, buildings, atmosphere

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13
Q

Air pollution steps (2)

A

Use oil/gas instead of coal

Fit smoke stacks to factories
- inertial seperators, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers

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14
Q

Water pollution: def + causes

A

Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents are discharged into rivers

In India: phospo-gypsum, fly ash, iron and steel slags

Chemical ind, textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries, paper ind

Discharge dyes, detergents, heavy metals, salts and acids, plastic

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15
Q

Water pollution steps

A
  1. Minimise usage by reusing and recycling
  2. Rain water harvesting
  3. Treat hot water and effluents before releasing them
    - Primary: mechanical (sedimentation, grinding etc)
    - Secondary: biological
    - Tertiary: physical, chemical, biological (recycling)
  4. Legal regulations on drawing ground water
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16
Q

Noise Pollution effects + cause

A

Anger/irritation

Impairment/loss of hearing

Heart rate/blood pressure

Drilling, construction, generators, factories, machinery

17
Q

Noise pollution: steps

A

Redesign machinery to reduce noise and increase efficiency

Fit machinery and equipment with silencers

Noise absorbing material, personal earplugs

18
Q

Thermal pollution

A

when hot water from factories or thermal plants are discharged into rivers without cooling

kills aquatic animals

wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear/weapon production facilities cause birth defects and cancer

land pollution: glass, packaging, salts, garbage makes soil useless
Rainwater percolates and spreads pollutants to ground water

19
Q

NTPC steps

A
  1. Optimum utilisation of equipment, adopting latest techniques, upgrading
  2. Minimising waste by maximising usage of ash
  3. Providing green belts to nurture ecological balance
  4. Reducing env pollution: ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management
  5. Ecological monitoring, reviews and database for all its power stations
20
Q

Automobile industry

A

Provides vehicles for transport of passengers and goods

Ex: trucks, buses, scooters

Healthy growth due to contemporary models and increase in demand

Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Pune, Jamshedpur, Indore, Lucknow

21
Q

IT and Electronics Industry

A

Transistor sets, phones, televisions, computers, radars

Bengaluru: Electronic capital of India

Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, COIMBATORE

Employment generation

22
Q

Chemical Industries: Inorganic

A

Sulphuric acid (fertilisers, dyes, paints, adhesives)
Soda ash (soap, detergent, paper, glass)
Alkalies
Nitric Acid
Caustic soda

23
Q

Chemical industries: nature

A

Fast growing and diversifying
Small scale and large scale units
Growing rapidly in organic and inorganic sector

It is its biggest consumer
Basic chemicals are further processed into other chemicals to be used in industries, agriculture or consumers

24
Q

Chemical Industries: Organic

A

Petrochemicals (synthetic fibres, drugs, plastics, pharmaceuticals)

Located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants

25
Q

Aluminium Smelting

A

2nd most imp metallurgical industry

Light, strong, malleable, good conductor of heat and resistant to corrosion.&raquo_space; zinc, steel, copper

Used for utensils, aircrafts, wires

Tamil Nadi, Maharashtra, Kerala, Odisha, West Bengal

26
Q

Aluminium smelting process

A

Bauxite: Raw material, dark red and bulky

Bauxite is extracted from a bauxite quarry
At the aluminium refinery, bauxite is crushed and alumina is dissolved out
At smelter, alumina goes through electrolysis with cryolite as its electrolyte and Al is obtained

27
Q

Fertiliser Industries

A

Nitrogenous fertilisers
Phosphatic fertilisers
Ammonium phosphate
Complex (Nitrogen, phosphate and Potash)

Potash is completely imported

Industry expanded after Green Rev
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, UP, Punjab, Gujarat

Geography (7 decks)

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