Lifelines of National Economy Flashcards
Roadways benefits
- construction costs
- traverse undulating and dissected topography
- negotiate higher gradients of slopes ex Himalayas
- economical: transport of few persons, small amount of goods, short distances
- door-to-door service, loading unloading costs lower
- feeder to other modes of transport
Road classification
Golden quadrilateral super highways
National highways
State highways
District roads
Other roads
Border roads
Golden quadrilateral super highways
- linking kol-chen-mumb-del
- six lane super hw
- NW corridor: srinagar, kanniyakumari
- EW corridor: Porbandar, Silchar
- major obj: reduce time and distance between mega cities
- NHAI
National Highways
- link extreme parts of the country
- CPWD: central public works department
- NH1: sher-shah suri marg, delhi and Amritsar
State highways
- link state capital w district hqs
- PWD: state public works department
District roads
- link district hqs w other places of the district
- zila parishad
other roads
- link rural areas/villages with towns
- receive special impetus under PMGSY: Pradhan mantri Grameen sadak Yojana
- every village linked to a major town by an all season motorable road
Border roads
- BRO: border roads organisation
- bordering areas pf the country
- 1960 for the dev of roads of strategic importance in N and NE border areas
- improved accessibility in diff terrain
- helped economic dev of these areas
Atal tunnel
BRO
Manali- lahul spiti
longest hw tunne;
3000m above msl
roads on basis of material
metalled: cement, concrete, bitumen of coal
unmetalled
Railways importance
- principal mode of transport for freight and passengers
- multifarious activities: tourism, pilgrimage, bussiness + transport of goods long distance
- integrating force > 150 years
- binds economic life and accelerates dev of industry and agriculture
- largest public sector undertaking, 1st mumbai to thane
- now 16 zones
Railways distribution
Northern plains
- vast level land, rich agri, high population
- large no of rivers required bridges
Penninsular region (hilly terrain)
tracts are laid thru low hills, gaps or tunnels
Himalayas
- high relief
- sparse population
- lack of economic opportunities
Hard
- sandy plain western rj
- swamps gj
forested tracks mp, jhrkh, chhtgh, odsh
- sahyadri : gaps or passes
konkan railway
facilitated movement of good and passengers, most imp eco region of india
- sinking of track
- landslides
tourism benefits
- mational integration
- supports local handicrafts and cultural pursuits
- dev of international understanding about our culture and heritage
tourism in india features
grown substantially over last 3 decades
>15 milllion directly engaged
- heritage, eco, adventure, cultural, medical;, bussness tourism
Pipelines features
- past, water to cities and industries
- used to transport crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas,, from oil/natural gas fields»_space; refineries, fertilizer factories, thermal power plants
- solids can be transported when converted into a slurry
- far inland locations of refinires: barauni, mathura, panipat
- initial cost of laying is high
- subsequent running costs are minimal
- tules out trans-shipment losses/delays
3 important pipeline networks
- oil field upper assam - kanpur UP
> via guwahati, barauni, allahabad - salaya (gj) - jalandhar (pj)
> via viramgam, mathura, delhi, sonipat
= braanches: koyali, chakshu - Hazira (gj) - Jagdishpur (UP)
> vijaypur (mp)
= branches, kota (rj), babrala, shahajahanpur UP
