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Agriculture Flashcards

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1
Q

Rice

A

Kharif

Staple food crop

India 2nd largest producer after China

> 25C
100cm rain

North, NE, deltaic, coastal areas

Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal

(tubewell, canal irrigation)

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2
Q

Wheat

A

Rabi

2nd most important cereal crop

Main food crop in N and NW

Cool growing season + bright sunshine when ripening

50-75cm rain

Ganga-Satluj plain, Deccan black soil: Madhya Pradesh, UP, Haryana, Rajasthan

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3
Q

Millets

A

Ragi
-calcium, iron, roughage, other micro nutrients
-Red, black, sandy, loamy, shallow black soils
-Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand

Bajra
-sandy soil, shallow black soil
-Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra

Jowar
-3rd crop: production and area
-Rain fed, moist
-Maharashtra, MP, Andhra Pradesh

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4
Q

Pulses

A

Kharif and rabi

India largest producer/consumer

Protein in veg diet

Arhar (tur), masur, moong, urad, gram, peas

Leguminous (except arhar) grown in rotation

Less moisture, survive dry weather

Madhya Pradesh, UP, rj

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5
Q

Maize

A

Kharif (Bihar: rabi)

Food and fodder

Old alluvial soil

HYV, irrigation have boosted its production

UP, AP, MP

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6
Q

Sugarcane

A

tropical-subtropical

21-27 C

75-100cm

Brazil, India

Sugar, gur, molasses

UP, Punjab, Haryana

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7
Q

Oil seeds

A

soap cosmetics ointment’

12% total cropped area

coconut, sunflower, soyabean

Groundnut: Kharif
half of major oilseed produced
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan

Linseed, mustard: rabi

Sesamum: k(north) r(south)

Castor: both

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8
Q

Tea

A

India 2nd to China

Plantation, introduced by British

subtropical tropical climate: warm moist free

Deep, well drained fertile soil rich in organic matter and humus

Light showers distributed

Labour intensive

Processed on the spot

Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, WB

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9
Q

Coffee

A

Arabica: Yemen

Baba Budan Hills

Nilgiri Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

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10
Q

Horticulture crops

A

2nd to China

tropical and temperate

Mangoes: Maharashtra, UP

Oranges: Nagpur, Cherapunjee

Banana: Kerala, Tamil Nadu

Litchi guava: UP, Bihar

Pineapple: Meghalaya

Grapes: Maharashtra, Telangana

Apples, pears, walnuts, apricots: JnK, Himachal Pradesh

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11
Q

Rubber

A

Equatorial crop

Moist and warm

> 200cm, >25C

Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Kerala

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12
Q

Sericulture

A

Cocoons

Silkworm

Mulberrry

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13
Q

Cotton

A

Origin India

Cotton textile industry

Drier regions of black cotton soil Deccan plateau

6-8 months to mature, kharif

Light rain/irr, 210 frost free days, bright sunshine, high temp

UP, MP, AP

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14
Q

Jute

A

Golden fibre

Flood plains- well drained fertile soil

High temp

West Bengal, Odisha, Meghalaya

> > nylon, high cost

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15
Q

Institutional reforms after independence focused on

A

Abolishment of zamindari
collectivisation
consolidation of land holdings
cooperation

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16
Q

Reforms in 60s-70s

Effect

A

Green Revolution (package technology)
White Revolution (operation flood)

Concentration of development in selected areas

17
Q

New Steps to protect farmers - 6

A
  1. Crop insurance against floods, droughts, cyclones
  2. Banks to provide cheap loans
  3. Establishment of Grameen Banks and cooperative societies
  4. Kissan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance Scheme
  5. Weather forecasts, agricultural programmes
  6. Minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for crops
18
Q

Bhoodan-Gramdan

A

Vinoba Bhave

Blood-less revolution

Landowners/zamindars distribute land amongst landless

Shri Ram Chandra Reddy

19
Q

Steps to modernise agriculture

A
  1. ICAR: Indian Council for Agricultural Research
  2. Agricultural Universities
  3. Veterinary services/animal breeding centres
  4. Horticulture dev research
  5. Meteorology and weather forecast
20
Q

Threats to agriculture

A
  1. Reduction of public investment
  2. International competition
  3. Decrease in subsidies (fertilisers)
  4. Decrease in import duties
21
Q

PDS

A

Provides food grains and other essential commodities at subsidised prices

Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures and stocks foodgrains,

Minimum Support Price

22
Q

Adverse effects of MSP and subsidies

A
  1. Inefficient usage of scarce resources
  2. Waterlogging, salinity and depletion of micronutrients in soil
  3. MSP has distorted cropping patterns and created inter-crop parities
    Ex: wheat/paddy, Punjab, Haryana
  4. APL and BPL are not accurate and difficult to maintain
23
Q

Steps to ensure food security

A
  1. Agriculture infrastructure,
    -credit linkages,
    -latest techniques
  2. Promote crops as per potential of the region
  3. Should be sustainable
  4. Free trade of grains
24
Q

Problems for farmers

A
  1. Fertilisers, pesticides and insecticides degrade the soil
    2.Periodic scarcity of water has led to reduction in area under irrigation.
  2. Inefficient water management has led to water logging and salinity
  3. Overexploitation of ground water due to free power supply
  4. Inadequate storage and marketing facilities
  5. High prices for inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers etc. but lack the bargaining power to fix prices in their favour
25
Q

Agriculture depends on

A

socio-cultural practices
technological know-how
physical environmennt

26
Q

primitive subsistence farming

A
  • small patches
    -primitive tools, digging sticks, hoe, dao
  • family/community labour
  • depends on monsoon natural fertility
  • slash and burn, natural fertility
    -low productivity
27
Q

Meghalaya Assam Mizoram Nagaland
Manipur
Bastar (Chhattisgarh) and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Madhya Pradesh

A

jhumming
pamlou
Dipa
Dahiya Bewar

28
Q

Mexico/central america
Venezuela
Brazil
Cent Africa
Indonesia
Vietnam

A

Milpa
Conuco
Roca
Masole
Ladang
Ray

29
Q

Andhra Pradesh
Odisha
Western Ghats
Rajasthan
Himalayan belt
Jharkhand

A

Podu/Penda
Koman/Pama Dabi/ Bringa
Kumari
Waltre/Valre
Khil
Kuruwa

30
Q

intensive subsistence farming

A
  • high population
  • labour intensive
  • biochemical inputs, irrigation
  • high production
31
Q

commercial farming

A
  • modern inputs, hyv, chemical fertilizers, insect/pest
    Plantation: single crop large area
    Rice comm: Pj/Hr, subsistence: odisha
  • transport + communication imp for dev of plantations
32
Q

Rabi

A

Oct-Dec==April/June
- wheat barley peas gram mustard
- precipitation due to western temperate cyclones + green revolution

33
Q

Kharif

A

Monsoon==Sept-oct
-paddy maize jowar bajra tur(arhar) cotton jute soyabean groundnut moong urad
Assawm/WB: 3 paddy: aus boro aman

34
Q

Zaid

A

between rebi, kharif, summer
watermelon muskmelon cucumber vegetables fodder sugarcane

Geography (7 decks)

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