Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820-1845)

Question 1

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 1

proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere are claimed by the U.S. for future colonization

Question 2

Removal Act of 1830

Answer 2

Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west and forced their migration there via the Trail of Tears

Question 3

The Liberator

Answer 3

abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831

Question 4

Spoils system

Answer 4

system used heavily during the presidency of Jackson where political supporters were given governmental positions

Question 5

Whig Party

Answer 5

party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic party. Whigs favored policies that promoted commercial/industrial growth.

Question 6

putting-out system

Answer 6

the first textile production system in England where merchants gave wool to families who created cloth. The merchants would buy back the cloth and sold the finished product. Textile mills made this procedure more efficient between raw product and finished product

Question 7

Lowell System

Answer 7

developed in textile mills in the 1820s. Extreme amounts of machinery were operated by young farm women who lived on the site of the factories. Managers ran strict schedules on the women to create an efficient product.

Question 8

labor movement

Answer 8

the drive that began in the late 1800s for people to join labor unions. Divisions in these unions involved deciding where unions should focus their energies: political gains or basic needs for workers.

Question 9

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Answer 9

Supreme Court case where the Cherokee tribe claimed Georgia had no right to enforce laws in their territory as a sovereign nation. John Marshal ruled that Cherokees were a “domestic dependent nation” and were not permitted to appeal to federal court.

Question 10

Second Great Awakening

Answer 10

religious revival at the beginning of the 19th century. Ministers asked worshippers to save their souls and discouraged predestination thinking.

Question 11

revival meetings

Answer 11

religious meetings for soul-searching, preaching, and prayer. They encouraged community and activism.

Question 12

temperance movement (1830s)

Answer 12

movement that developed before the Civil War that lamented the effect that alcohol had on American society. After the Civil War, members would become more concerned about alcohol and immigrants/urban poor. This movement eventually grew into the prohibition movement in the early 1900s.

Question 13

Abolitionist movement

Answer 13

movement dedicated to the abolition of slavery which existed primarily in the North. This movement consisted of Black and white members in the years leading to the Civil War

Question 14

American Colonization Society

Answer 14

Formed in 1817 and the movement to end slavery by sending Blacks to Africa. In 1822, a few ex-slaves emigrated to Liberia, but these views were ultimately rejected by abolitionists.

Question 15

Black Codes

Answer 15

laws created by southern governments during Reconstruction to limit the freedom of Southern Blacks. They couldn’t own land, move, or work any other job but farm.

Question 16

Democratic Party

Answer 16

birthed during the candidacy of Jackson and praised Jeffersonian ideals. They advocated for limited government power during the 1800s.

Question 17

Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet

Answer 17

Andrew Jackson was well known for only putting close political allies and military friends in his presidential cabinet. People referred to them as his “kitchen cabinet” since they benefitted him and were close friends of his rather than beneficial candidates.

Question 18

Webster-Hayne Debate

Answer 18

Senate debate in 1830 over the issue of state’s rights and whether a state can nullify federal legislation. Webster outlined the dangers potentially caused by nullification and this debate captured the divisions between the North and South through the mid-1800s.

Question 19

Force Act of 1832

Answer 19

legislation that gave Jackson the right to invade any state if necessary to enforce federal law. The bill was in response to the Nullification Crisis.

Question 20

Jackson’s Bank War

Answer 20

A political struggle over the recharting of the Second Bank of the U.S. Jackson opposed the bank because he disagreed with federal economic power and he eventually shut down the bank to be replaced with state-run banks.

Question 21

Panic of 1837

Answer 21

American suffered depression when the U.K. reduced the amount of credit it offered to the U.S. American merchants/industrialists used cash to pay off debts which caused them to cut business and lay off workers.

Question 22

nullification

Answer 22

reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, South Carolina attempted to rule on the constitutionality of federal laws. Other southern legislatures later discussed using nullification on other laws.