Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820-1845) Flashcards
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere are claimed by the U.S. for future colonization
Removal Act of 1830
Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west and forced their migration there via the Trail of Tears
The Liberator
abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831
Spoils system
system used heavily during the presidency of Jackson where political supporters were given governmental positions
Whig Party
party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic party. Whigs favored policies that promoted commercial/industrial growth.
putting-out system
the first textile production system in England where merchants gave wool to families who created cloth. The merchants would buy back the cloth and sold the finished product. Textile mills made this procedure more efficient between raw product and finished product
Lowell System
developed in textile mills in the 1820s. Extreme amounts of machinery were operated by young farm women who lived on the site of the factories. Managers ran strict schedules on the women to create an efficient product.
labor movement
the drive that began in the late 1800s for people to join labor unions. Divisions in these unions involved deciding where unions should focus their energies: political gains or basic needs for workers.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Supreme Court case where the Cherokee tribe claimed Georgia had no right to enforce laws in their territory as a sovereign nation. John Marshal ruled that Cherokees were a “domestic dependent nation” and were not permitted to appeal to federal court.
Second Great Awakening
religious revival at the beginning of the 19th century. Ministers asked worshippers to save their souls and discouraged predestination thinking.
revival meetings
religious meetings for soul-searching, preaching, and prayer. They encouraged community and activism.
temperance movement (1830s)
movement that developed before the Civil War that lamented the effect that alcohol had on American society. After the Civil War, members would become more concerned about alcohol and immigrants/urban poor. This movement eventually grew into the prohibition movement in the early 1900s.
Abolitionist movement
movement dedicated to the abolition of slavery which existed primarily in the North. This movement consisted of Black and white members in the years leading to the Civil War
American Colonization Society
Formed in 1817 and the movement to end slavery by sending Blacks to Africa. In 1822, a few ex-slaves emigrated to Liberia, but these views were ultimately rejected by abolitionists.
Black Codes
laws created by southern governments during Reconstruction to limit the freedom of Southern Blacks. They couldn’t own land, move, or work any other job but farm.
Democratic Party
birthed during the candidacy of Jackson and praised Jeffersonian ideals. They advocated for limited government power during the 1800s.
Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet
Andrew Jackson was well known for only putting close political allies and military friends in his presidential cabinet. People referred to them as his “kitchen cabinet” since they benefitted him and were close friends of his rather than beneficial candidates.
Webster-Hayne Debate
Senate debate in 1830 over the issue of state’s rights and whether a state can nullify federal legislation. Webster outlined the dangers potentially caused by nullification and this debate captured the divisions between the North and South through the mid-1800s.
Force Act of 1832
legislation that gave Jackson the right to invade any state if necessary to enforce federal law. The bill was in response to the Nullification Crisis.
Jackson’s Bank War
A political struggle over the recharting of the Second Bank of the U.S. Jackson opposed the bank because he disagreed with federal economic power and he eventually shut down the bank to be replaced with state-run banks.
Panic of 1837
American suffered depression when the U.K. reduced the amount of credit it offered to the U.S. American merchants/industrialists used cash to pay off debts which caused them to cut business and lay off workers.
nullification
reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, South Carolina attempted to rule on the constitutionality of federal laws. Other southern legislatures later discussed using nullification on other laws.
