Manual 78-82:Osteology of Leg Flashcards
second longest and second strongest bone
tibia
male v female tibia
male is nearly vertical
female - distal end more medial compared to proximal end
inferior surface of tibia
tibial plafond
superior surface of tibia
tibial plateau
shape of the tibial plateau
oval
wider side tos ide
larger condyle on tibia
medial condyle
the roughened medial surface of medial condyle of tibia is an attachment site for…
tibial (medial) collateral ligament
three structures in non-articular intercondylar ridge of tibia
- anterior intercondylar fossa
- intercodnylar eminence
- posterior intercondylar fossa
what 3 attachments are at the anteriro intercondylar fossa?
- anterior horn of medial meniscus
- anterior cruciate ligament
- anteriro horn of lateral meniscus
where are the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles located?
on intercondylar eminence between two intercondylar fossa
spine/ridge located b/w two intercondylar fossa
itnercondylar eminence
what 3 attachments are there to the posterior intercondylar fossa
- posterior horn of lateral meniscus
- posterior horn of medial meniscus
- posterior cruciate ligament
apex of tibial tuberosity is directed…
inferior
what attaches at tibial tuberosity
patellar ligament
the patellar ligament is a continuation of ..
quadratus femoris tendon
posterolateral depression on lateral tibial condyle
fibular facet
* oval shaepd
what are the borders of shaft of tibia?
anterior (shin)
medial
lateral
anterior border of tibia
tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus
attachments to anterior border of tibia
crural fascia (Deep fascia of leg)
medial border of tibia
medial condyle to medial malleolus
4 attachments to medial border of tibia
- medial collateral ligament
- popliteus
- soleus
- flexor digitorum longus
anterior and medial borders of tibia corkscrew medially so at the medial malleolus …
anterior border becomes anterior border of malleolus
just as leg rotates medially in development
lateral border of tibial shaft aka
interosseous crest
lateral border of tibial shaft
extends from articular facet from fibula and divides to form tow ridges inferiorly (anterior and posterior borders of fibular notch)
what attaches to the anterior and posterior borders of the fibular notch?
posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
what are the surfaces of the tibial shaft?
posterior
medial
lateral
between the anterior and medial borders of tibia
medial surfaces
describe the medial surface of tibia
smooth
convex
what is the pes anserinus
sartorius
gracillis
semitendinosus
what surface of the tibia is the pes anserinus located on?
medial (superior protion)
what attach on the medial surface of the tibia superiorly
pes anserinus and tibial collateral ligamnet
attachment at roughened area superior protion, medial surface of tibia
tibial/medial collateral ligament
what attaches along inferior medial surface of tibial shaft
crural fascia
what is the only muscular attachment to lateral surface of tibia?
tibialis anterior
- upper 1/2 to 2/3 grooved by m origin
what 4 tendons cover the distal portion of lateral surface of tibia?
(medial to lateral)
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum lonus
- peroneus tertius
which surface of the tibia are the soleal and vertical line located on?
posterior
describe the soleal line
- oblique ridge extending superolateral to inferomedial on posterior surface
- partial origin of soleus m
describe the vertical line
- extends inferiorly from soleal line on posterior surface of tibia
what structure are located lateral to the vertical line? medial?
lateral : tibialis posterior partial origin, nutrient foramen
medial: attachment of flexor digitorum longus
what tendons cover the distal smooth portion of the posterior surface of tibia?
- FDL, TP, FHL
tibialis post lies deep and other two are opposite what you think - hallucis lateral, digitorum more medial
what are the 5 surfaces of the distal part of tibia?
- anterior, posterior, lateral, medial and inferior
what surface of the distal tibia is continuous with the lateral surface of tibial shaft?
anterior surface
what landmark is on the anterior surface of the distal tibia?
transverse groove - attachment of capsule of ankle joint
what surface on the distal tibia is continuous with the posterior surface of tibial shaft?
posterior surface
which surface on distal tibia has a groove for tibialis posterior and FHL tendons?
posterior surface
the fibular notch is located on the ________ surface of distal tibia
lateral
the fibular notch is for articulation with …
on tibia for articulation with fibula
what attaches to the fibular notch
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
what distal tibia surface is continuous with medial malleolus?
medial surface
what is the shape of the inferior surface of tibia?
- quadrilateral shape
- wider anteriorly than posterioly, concave anteroposteriorly, convex side to side
- aka tibial plafond
shape of medial malleolus
- pyramidal shaped
- extends inferiorly beyond the rest of tibia
- lateral surface articulates with talus
shape of facet on medial malleolus
comma shaped
the lateral surface of medial malleolus articulates with …
talus
the anterior and superior colliculi are located on which surface of the distal tibia
inferior
- they are slight elevations
what attaches to the anterior and posterior colliculi on inferior tibia
deltoid ligament
- also attaches intercollicular sulcus, anterior and posterior borders of medial malleolus
what is the name of the groove along the posterior border of the distal tibia
malleolar sulcus
what tendons are located in the malleolar sulcus?
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
- the flexor retinaculum also attaches near malleolar sulcus
tibial arterial supply
proximal
distal
shaft
- genicular anastomosis
- malleolar anastomosis
- anterior tibial artery
- nutrient artery (off of post tib a) goes inside
if accessory ossification centers are present in tibia, where are they located?
- can be one or two
- located in medial malleolus and/or tibial tuberosity
ossification in tibia - primary
- shaft
- appears 7th wk in utero
- fusion at puberty
ossification in tibia - secondary
- proximal and distal end
- proximal appears at birth; fuses 16-18 yrs
- distal appears at 1 yr; fuses 15-17 yrs
what does not fibula articulate with?
tibia and talus
NOT femur
what is the function of the fibula
muscle attachment - NOT a weight bearing bone
shape of head of fibula
quadrate
apex of fibula head is …
styloid process
what attaches to the styloid process of fibula
- biceps femoris
- lateral collateral ligament of knee joint
what attaches to the anterior aspect of head of fibula
- peroneus longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- anterior ligament of head of fibula
what attaches to the posterior aspect of head of fibula?
- soleus muscle
- posterior ligament of head of fibula
how many ligaments attach to head of fibula? muscles?
- 3
- 4
what courses around the neck of the fibula?
common peroneal n.
what are the surfaces of the shaft of fibula?
4 anterior, medial, posterior, and lateral
the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula is origin of …
- EHL
- EDL
- peroneus tertius
(anterior compartment muscles - not TA (attaches superolaterally on tibia and interosseous membrane)
what take origin from the medial shaft of fibula?
partial origin of tibialis posterior
what m. take origin from lateral shaft of fibula?
peroneus brevis and longus
what muscles take origin from posterior surface of shaft of fibula?
- soelus m (superiorly - partial origin)
- FHL (midway)
the nutrient foramen of fibula is located on which surface
posterior - branch of peroneal a.
where on the posterior surface of the fibula does the interosseous ligament attach
inferiorly
what are the four borders of the fibula
- anterolateral
- anteromedial
- posterolateral
- posteromedial
deep fascia of leg
crural fascia
the crural fascia forms how many intermuscular septa
two
separates extensor m from lateral m in leg
anterolateral border of fibula
separates lateral m from flexors in leg
posterolateral border of fibula
anteromedial border of fibula aka
interosseous crest
- interosseous membrane attaches here
posteromedial border of fibula aka
oblique ridge
- inferiorly blends with itnerosseous crest
what are the surfaces of lateral malleolus
medial and lateral
what shape facet is on the medial side of the lateral malleolus
triangular - articulates with talus
what is located posterior to facet on medial surface of lateral malleolus?
lateral malleolar fossa
what attaches to the lateral malleolar fossa?
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
- posterior talofibular ligament
what are the borders on the lateral malleolus?
anterior and posterior
what attaches to the anterior border of lateral malleolus
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
- anterior talofibular ligament (roughened area)
- calcaneofibular ligament (small inferior tubercle- also attaches at apex of lateral malleolus)
what two tendons pass through the shallow sulcus/groove on posterior border of lateral malleolus
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
usually the ______ center of ossification to appear is the last to close
first
usually 1st seocndary center to appear is last to fuse
fibula-four-fourteen
proximal secondary center starts at 4 year and closes 14 months after tibial
primary ossification fibula
- shaft
- appears week 8 in utero and fuses by puberty
secondary ossification fibula
- distal end appears at year 1 and fuses by 15-17
- proximal end appears at year 3-4 and fuses by 17-19
