Manual 78-82:Osteology of Leg Flashcards
1
Q
second longest and second strongest bone
A
tibia
2
Q
male v female tibia
A
male is nearly vertical
female - distal end more medial compared to proximal end
3
Q
inferior surface of tibia
A
tibial plafond
4
Q
superior surface of tibia
A
tibial plateau
5
Q
shape of the tibial plateau
A
oval
wider side tos ide
6
Q
larger condyle on tibia
A
medial condyle
7
Q
the roughened medial surface of medial condyle of tibia is an attachment site for…
A
tibial (medial) collateral ligament
8
Q
three structures in non-articular intercondylar ridge of tibia
A
- anterior intercondylar fossa
- intercodnylar eminence
- posterior intercondylar fossa
9
Q
what 3 attachments are at the anteriro intercondylar fossa?
A
- anterior horn of medial meniscus
- anterior cruciate ligament
- anteriro horn of lateral meniscus
10
Q
where are the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles located?
A
on intercondylar eminence between two intercondylar fossa
11
Q
spine/ridge located b/w two intercondylar fossa
A
itnercondylar eminence
12
Q
what 3 attachments are there to the posterior intercondylar fossa
A
- posterior horn of lateral meniscus
- posterior horn of medial meniscus
- posterior cruciate ligament
13
Q
apex of tibial tuberosity is directed…
A
inferior
14
Q
what attaches at tibial tuberosity
A
patellar ligament
15
Q
the patellar ligament is a continuation of ..
A
quadratus femoris tendon
16
Q
posterolateral depression on lateral tibial condyle
A
fibular facet
* oval shaepd
17
Q
what are the borders of shaft of tibia?
A
anterior (shin)
medial
lateral
18
Q
anterior border of tibia
A
tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus
19
Q
attachments to anterior border of tibia
A
crural fascia (Deep fascia of leg)
20
Q
medial border of tibia
A
medial condyle to medial malleolus
21
Q
4 attachments to medial border of tibia
A
- medial collateral ligament
- popliteus
- soleus
- flexor digitorum longus
22
Q
anterior and medial borders of tibia corkscrew medially so at the medial malleolus …
A
anterior border becomes anterior border of malleolus
just as leg rotates medially in development
23
Q
lateral border of tibial shaft aka
A
interosseous crest
24
Q
lateral border of tibial shaft
A
extends from articular facet from fibula and divides to form tow ridges inferiorly (anterior and posterior borders of fibular notch)
25
what attaches to the anterior and posterior borders of the fibular notch?
posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
26
what are the surfaces of the tibial shaft?
posterior
medial
lateral
27
between the anterior and medial borders of tibia
medial surfaces
28
describe the medial surface of tibia
smooth
| convex
29
what is the pes anserinus
sartorius
gracillis
semitendinosus
30
what surface of the tibia is the pes anserinus located on?
medial (superior protion)
31
what attach on the medial surface of the tibia superiorly
pes anserinus and tibial collateral ligamnet
32
attachment at roughened area superior protion, medial surface of tibia
tibial/medial collateral ligament
33
what attaches along inferior medial surface of tibial shaft
crural fascia
34
what is the only muscular attachment to lateral surface of tibia?
tibialis anterior
| - upper 1/2 to 2/3 grooved by m origin
35
what 4 tendons cover the distal portion of lateral surface of tibia?
(medial to lateral)
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum lonus
- peroneus tertius
36
which surface of the tibia are the soleal and vertical line located on?
posterior
37
describe the soleal line
- oblique ridge extending superolateral to inferomedial on posterior surface
- partial origin of soleus m
38
describe the vertical line
- extends inferiorly from soleal line on posterior surface of tibia
39
what structure are located lateral to the vertical line? medial?
lateral : tibialis posterior partial origin, nutrient foramen
medial: attachment of flexor digitorum longus
40
what tendons cover the distal smooth portion of the posterior surface of tibia?
- FDL, TP, FHL
| tibialis post lies deep and other two are opposite what you think - hallucis lateral, digitorum more medial
41
what are the 5 surfaces of the distal part of tibia?
- anterior, posterior, lateral, medial and inferior
42
what surface of the distal tibia is continuous with the lateral surface of tibial shaft?
anterior surface
43
what landmark is on the anterior surface of the distal tibia?
transverse groove - attachment of capsule of ankle joint
44
what surface on the distal tibia is continuous with the posterior surface of tibial shaft?
posterior surface
45
which surface on distal tibia has a groove for tibialis posterior and FHL tendons?
posterior surface
46
the fibular notch is located on the ________ surface of distal tibia
lateral
47
the fibular notch is for articulation with ...
on tibia for articulation with fibula
48
what attaches to the fibular notch
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
| - posterior tibiofibular ligament
49
what distal tibia surface is continuous with medial malleolus?
medial surface
50
what is the shape of the inferior surface of tibia?
- quadrilateral shape
- wider anteriorly than posterioly, concave anteroposteriorly, convex side to side
- aka tibial plafond
51
shape of medial malleolus
- pyramidal shaped
- extends inferiorly beyond the rest of tibia
- lateral surface articulates with talus
52
shape of facet on medial malleolus
comma shaped
53
the lateral surface of medial malleolus articulates with ...
talus
54
the anterior and superior colliculi are located on which surface of the distal tibia
inferior
| - they are slight elevations
55
what attaches to the anterior and posterior colliculi on inferior tibia
deltoid ligament
| - also attaches intercollicular sulcus, anterior and posterior borders of medial malleolus
56
what is the name of the groove along the posterior border of the distal tibia
malleolar sulcus
57
what tendons are located in the malleolar sulcus?
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
- the flexor retinaculum also attaches near malleolar sulcus
58
tibial arterial supply
proximal
distal
shaft
- genicular anastomosis
- malleolar anastomosis
- anterior tibial artery
- nutrient artery (off of post tib a) goes inside
59
if accessory ossification centers are present in tibia, where are they located?
- can be one or two
| - located in medial malleolus and/or tibial tuberosity
60
ossification in tibia - primary
- shaft
- appears 7th wk in utero
- fusion at puberty
61
ossification in tibia - secondary
- proximal and distal end
- proximal appears at birth; fuses 16-18 yrs
- distal appears at 1 yr; fuses 15-17 yrs
62
what does not fibula articulate with?
tibia and talus
| NOT femur
63
what is the function of the fibula
muscle attachment - NOT a weight bearing bone
64
shape of head of fibula
quadrate
65
apex of fibula head is ...
styloid process
66
what attaches to the styloid process of fibula
- biceps femoris
| - lateral collateral ligament of knee joint
67
what attaches to the anterior aspect of head of fibula
- peroneus longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- anterior ligament of head of fibula
68
what attaches to the posterior aspect of head of fibula?
- soleus muscle
| - posterior ligament of head of fibula
69
how many ligaments attach to head of fibula? muscles?
- 3
| - 4
70
what courses around the neck of the fibula?
common peroneal n.
71
what are the surfaces of the shaft of fibula?
4 anterior, medial, posterior, and lateral
72
the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula is origin of ...
- EHL
- EDL
- peroneus tertius
(anterior compartment muscles - not TA (attaches superolaterally on tibia and interosseous membrane)
73
what take origin from the medial shaft of fibula?
partial origin of tibialis posterior
74
what m. take origin from lateral shaft of fibula?
peroneus brevis and longus
75
what muscles take origin from posterior surface of shaft of fibula?
- soelus m (superiorly - partial origin)
| - FHL (midway)
76
the nutrient foramen of fibula is located on which surface
posterior - branch of peroneal a.
77
where on the posterior surface of the fibula does the interosseous ligament attach
inferiorly
78
what are the four borders of the fibula
- anterolateral
- anteromedial
- posterolateral
- posteromedial
79
deep fascia of leg
crural fascia
80
the crural fascia forms how many intermuscular septa
two
81
separates extensor m from lateral m in leg
anterolateral border of fibula
82
separates lateral m from flexors in leg
posterolateral border of fibula
83
anteromedial border of fibula aka
interosseous crest
| - interosseous membrane attaches here
84
posteromedial border of fibula aka
oblique ridge
| - inferiorly blends with itnerosseous crest
85
what are the surfaces of lateral malleolus
medial and lateral
86
what shape facet is on the medial side of the lateral malleolus
triangular - articulates with talus
87
what is located posterior to facet on medial surface of lateral malleolus?
lateral malleolar fossa
88
what attaches to the lateral malleolar fossa?
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
| - posterior talofibular ligament
89
what are the borders on the lateral malleolus?
anterior and posterior
90
what attaches to the anterior border of lateral malleolus
- anterior tibiofibular ligament
- anterior talofibular ligament (roughened area)
- calcaneofibular ligament (small inferior tubercle- also attaches at apex of lateral malleolus)
91
what two tendons pass through the shallow sulcus/groove on posterior border of lateral malleolus
- peroneus longus
| - peroneus brevis
92
usually the ______ center of ossification to appear is the last to close
first
| usually 1st seocndary center to appear is last to fuse
93
fibula-four-fourteen
proximal secondary center starts at 4 year and closes 14 months after tibial
94
primary ossification fibula
- shaft
| - appears week 8 in utero and fuses by puberty
95
secondary ossification fibula
- distal end appears at year 1 and fuses by 15-17
| - proximal end appears at year 3-4 and fuses by 17-19
