Manual 62- 68: Muscles of Thigh Flashcards
the subcutaneous fascia of thigh is continuous with …
subcutaneous fascia of entire anterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, leg
the subcutaneous fascia is divided into what two layers
- superficial (fatty)
- deep (membranosus)
- superficial vessels and nerves,inguinal lymph nodes, great saphenous v found between layers
fascia distal to inguinal ligament along upper medial area of the ghigh
fascia lata
what fills the saphenous opening/fossa ovalis
fascia cribosa
external layer of investing fascia of thigh
fascia lata
the fascia lata is ____ medially and ____ laterally
- thin
- thick
attachments of fascia lata
- ischial tuberosity
- ischiopubic ramus
- external perineal fascia
the fascia lata is continuous with what distally? proximally?
distal = investing fascia of leg proximally = thoracolumbar, external abdominal fascia
where does the anterior part of fascia lata attach?
- pubic tubercle
- anterior superior iliac spine
- inguinal ligament
what is the thickened opening in fascia lata called
saphenous opening/ fossa ovalis
- allows for passage of great saphenous v
free lateral margin of saphenous opening
falciform margin
- the lateral part is very thick and buttressed by glut max and tensor fasciae latae tendons
superior attachment of fascia lata
- crest of ilium
- dorsal sacrum
thickened tendon within fascia lata on lateral thigh
iliotibial band
found between 2 layers of fascia lata laterally
tensor fasciae latae
what divides the thigh into 3 myofascial compartments
lateral and medial intermuscular septa
longest m in body
sartorius
- descends lateral toomedial across thigh
what forms the roof of adductor canal and lateral border of femoral triangle
sartorius
origin of sartorius
- ASIS and inferior notch (below spine)
insertion of sartorius
- pes anserinus (proximal part of medial surface of body of tibia)
course of sartorius
obliquely lateral to medial across upper thigh, then descend nearly vertically to its insetion
n supply to sartorius
femoral n.
functions of sartorius
- flex hip
- abduct hip
- lateral rotation of hip
- flex knee
- medial rotation leg (from flexed position)
“sitting crossed-legged”
common insertion of quadriceps femoris
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
primary function quadriceps femoris
extension of knee
* rectus femoris also assists in hip flexion
n supply to quadriceps femoris
femoral n
origin of rectus femoris
- two tendons: straight and reflected
- straight/anterior: AIIS
- refleced/posterior: groove above acetabulum
- tendons merge and form broad aponeurosis on ventral surface of m
- fibers of m arise from the aponeurosis
insertion of rectus femoris
- base (superior) of patella - through thick aponeurotic tendon to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
largest of four quadriceps muscles
vastus lateralis
origin of vastus lateralis
- lateral lip linea aspera
- lateral lip gluteal tuberosity
- anterior and ifnerior borders of greater trochanter
- proximal intertrochanteric line
insertion of vastus lateralis
- lateral border of patella
- tendon of quadriceps femoris
origin of vastus medialis
- distal intertrochanteric line
- medial intermuscular septum
- tendons of adductor longus and magnus
- proximal medial supracondylar line
- medial lip of linea aspera
insertion of vastus medialis
- medial border of patella
- tendon of quadriceps femoris
origin of vastus intermedius
- proximal 2/3 anterior surface of femur
- proximal 2/3 lateral surface of femur
insertion of vastus intermedius
- quadriceps tendon
small m located deep to vastus intermedius
articularis genu
origin of articularis genu
anterior surface, distal femur
insertion of articularis genu
synovial membrane of knee joint
n supply to articularis genu
femoral n
function of articularis genu
draw synovium proximally
variations in anterior thigh muscles
- sartorius m : may be absent or split into two parts; may have accessory sites of origin on inguinal ligament, notch of ilium, iliopectineal line or pubis
- articularis genu: may be blended with vastus intermedius
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of thigh
- gracilis
- pectineus
- adductor magnus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
origin of gracilis
- pubic symphysis - inferior 1/2
- pubic body
- pubic arch (inferior pubic ramus) - superior 1/2
insertion of gracilis
pes anserinus (proximal, medial surface tibia)
n supply to gracilis
anterior division of obturator n
functions of gracilis
- flex knee
- adduct hip
- medial rotation of hip
origin of pectineus
- pectin pubis
- bone anterior to pectin pubis (b/w pubic tubercle and iliopectineal eminence)
insertion of pectineus
pectineal line (b/w lesser trochanter and linea aspera)
n supply to pectineus
femoral n and accessory obturator if present
obturator n may also provide a branch
functions of pectineus
- flex hip
- adduction hip
- medial rotation hip
most anterior adductor m
adductor longus
origin adductor longus
pubic body (anterior)
insertion adductor longus
medial lip of linea aspera (b/w attachments of vastus medialis and adductor magnus)
functions adductor longus
flex hip
adduction hip
n supply adductor longus
anterior branch of obturator n
m just posterior to adductor longus
adductor brevis
what n surrounds the adductor brevis
anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator
origin of adductor brevis
- pubic body
- inferior pubic ramus (b/w gracilis and obturator externus)
insertion of adductor brevis
linea aspera (proximal part)
n supply to adductor brevis
obturator n. (anterior division)
function of adductor brevis
flex hip
adduction hip
largest of adductors
adductor magnus
located deep to the adductor brevis
adductor magnus
describe the orientation of fibers in adductor magnus
- upper fibers are nearly horizontal
- lower fibers are nearly vertical
what are the 5 openings in the adductor magnus for?
- 4 for the passage of perforating branches of deep femoral a
- adductor hiatus - most distal, largest opening
what passes through the adductor hiatus?
femoral vessels to popliteal fossa
adductor hiatus aka
hiatus tendineus
origin of adductor magnus
- inferior pubic ramus
- ramus of ischium
- ischial tuberosity (triangular region)
insertion of adductor magnus
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- medial supracondylar line
- adductor tubercle of femur
n supply to adductor magnus
- posterior division: obturator n
- anterior division: sciatic n
functions of adductor magnus
- flex hip
- adduct hip
- extend hip
(all are possible because of orientation of fibers- some say rotation of hip also possible)
variations in medial compartment of thigh
- pectineus may have two strata. if it does the dorsal stratum is innervated by femoral n or accessory obturator n and the ventral stratum is innervated by obturator n
- doubled adductor longus m may be fused with pectineus or insertion descend as far as knee
- adductor longus - 2 or 3 parts fused with adductor magnus
- adductor magnus - fused with quadratus femoris or with other adductor muscles
what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh
- hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimenranosus)
lateral hamstring muscle
biceps femoris
medial hamstring muscles
semitendinosus and semimembranosus
origin biceps femoris
long head: posterior part of ischial tuberosity below the oblique line and common tendon with semitendinosus and sacrotuberous ligament
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera (b/w adductor magnus and vastus lateralis m) and lateral supracondyalr line of femur and lateral intermuscular septum
insertion of biceps femoris long head
- lateral side of styloid process (fibula)
- head of fibula
- lateral condyle of tibia
describe the course of the long head of biceps femoris
passes obliquely/laterally across sciatic n
the tendon of long head of biceps femoris surrounds what ligament
fibular collateral ligament
what n follows the medial border of long head of biceps femoris
common fibular n
insertion of short head of biceps femoris
overlying aponeurosis
n supply to long head of biceps femoris
tibial portion of sciatic n
n supply to short head of biceps femoris
common fibular portion of sciatic n
functions of biceps femoris
- flex knee
- rotation, laterally (from flexed position)
- longhead: extension at hip, rotation, laterally at hip
origin of semitendinosus
- posterior ischial tuberosity below oblique line with substantial aponeurosis connecting it two biceps femoris (about 8 cm from origin)
insertion of semitendinosus
- long tendon (begins mid thigh): lies medial border of popiteal fossa, curves around medial condyle of tibia, over tibial collateral ligament
- pes anserinus
n supply to semitendinosus
tibial portion of sciatic n
functions of semitendinosus
- flex knee
- medial rotation of knee (from full flexion)
- extend hip
origin of semimebranosus
- oblique line of ischial tuberosity (above semitendinosus and biceps femoris)
- aponeurotic expansion
insertion of semimembranosus
- medial condyle (tibia) - groove medial surface
- lateral condyle (femur) - posterior surface
- fascia - covering popiteal m
- fibers proceed suprolaterlaly and form oblique popliteal ligament
n supply to semimembranosus
tibial portion of sciatic n
functions of semimembranosus
- flex knee
- medial rotation of knee (from full flexion)
- extend hip
variations in muscles of posterior compartment of thigh
- short head of biceps femoris (absent or accessory heads (arising form ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, or medial supracondylar ridge of femur)
- biceps femoris - extension may attach to gastrocnemius m
- semimembranosus - absent or double
