Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure

Question 1

Signs and Symptoms of fluid imbalance?

Answer 1

Edema
HTN
CHF

Question 2

S/S of hyperkalemia?

Answer 2

Extreme muscle weakness

Abnormal heart rhythm which can lead to cardiac arrest

Question 3

S/S of hypokalemia?

Answer 3

Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Paralysis
Respiratory failure
Dysrhythmias

Question 4

Primary cause of Anemia in Dialysis patients?

Answer 4

Diminished quantity and quality of RBC’s

Question 5

Secondary cause of Anemia in Dialysis patients?

Answer 5

Lack of erythropoietin and inadequate iron stores

Question 6

How can you prevent contributing to blood loss during Dialysis?

Answer 6

1. Monitor blood lines (air bubbles, clotting)
2. Follow protocol
3. Monitor patient
4. Prevent clotting in lines
5. Cannulate patient properly
6. Check heparin
7. Evaluate patient’s ability to hold site to clot

Question 7

What is pericarditis?

Answer 7

Inflammation of the sac around the heart

Question 8

What is included in Pericarditis treatment?

Answer 8

1. Dialyze the patient
2. NO heparin or a MINIMAL amount
3. MEDS

Question 9

Patient interventions for Dry, itchy skin?

Answer 9

Apply moisturizer to skin and avoid heat

Question 10

Patient interventions for Peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 10

Be cognizant of water temperature

Be cautious of surroundings (patients might not feel if they get a cut)

Question 11

Patient interventions for GI problems?

Answer 11

Take prescribed meds and alert the nutritionist

Question 12

Patient interventions for Psychological problems?

Answer 12

Refer to social worker

Question 13

What are the four key elements affected in CKD-MBD?

Answer 13

Calcium
Phosphorus
PTH
Calcitriol

Question 14

How much normal kidney function is replaced by Hemodialysis?

Answer 14

15%