Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal (1929-1939)

Question 1

Smooth-Hawley Tariff

Answer 1

Tax on imports to encourage American manufacturing. It goes horribly and triggered retaliation tactics from other nations.

Question 2

Bonus Army

Answer 2

(1932) WW1 vets marched to D.C. to demand immediate pension payment. Hoover had military forcefully remove the group.

Question 3

Fireside Chats

Answer 3

Intimate nightly radio address to the people by FDR.

Question 4

Hundred Days

Answer 4

Congress passed 15 major bills on banking failure, agriculture over production, business slump, and unemployment in the first 100 days of FDR’s presidency.

Question 5

Glass-Steagall Act

Answer 5

Created federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC) to ensure the safety of bank deposits.

Question 6

Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)

Answer 6

First direct government regulation of farming. Gave farmers gash subsidies if they cut back on production in the hopes that decreased supply would increase prices.

Question 7

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 7

Set up regulatory bodies for different industries to agree on prices and production quotas.

Question 8

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Answer 8

Put Americans to work in construction program.

Question 9

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 9

Longer term program for reforestation and conservation work. Increase infrastructure.

Question 10

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Answer 10

Program to help refinance homes so people could come back to them. Changed mortgage system, which helped increase home ownership.

Question 11

Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)

Answer 11

(1934) Regulates the stock market.

Question 12

Liberty League

Answer 12

Republican business leaders and conservative democrats who come together to fight “reckless government spending”.

Question 13

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 13

New generation of business leaders who believed in unchecked capitalism and free enterprise.

Question 14

Townsend Plan

Answer 14

Would give elderly Americans money each week (pension) to retire and give jobs to younger Americans.

Question 15

Welfare State

Answer 15

Democracies that adopt government guaranteed social welfare programs.

Question 16

Wagner Act

Answer 16

(1935) Upheld right of workers to join unions. Included a board to protect workers from employer coercion.

Question 17

Social Security Act

Answer 17

(1935) Old age pensions for workers, fed-state system to compensate unemployed, and payment program for widowed mothers and disabled.

Question 18

Classical Liberalism

Answer 18

Individual liberty is most important party of a democratic society. Push for free market strategies.

Question 19

Workers Progress Administration (WPA)

Answer 19

Agency workers constructed or repaired infrastructure. Reached about 1/3 of nations unemployed. New people benefitted from this program and started to support he New Deal.

Question 20

Roosevelt Recession

Answer 20

(1937-1938) Economy started looking better so FDR cut back government spending. As economy sank FDR had to scramble to back track and keep programs in place.

Question 21

Keynesian Economics

Answer 21

Government action and regulated interest rates could ease the highs and lows of business cycle.

Question 22

Indian Reorganization Act

Answer 22

(1934) Won greater degree of religious freedom. Tribes remained semi-sovereign.

Question 23

Tydings McDuffie Act

Answer 23

(1934) Gave the Philippians independence and Filipinos became aliens in the U.S.

Question 24

Dust Bowl

Answer 24

(1930-1941) Severe drought pushed soil beyond natural limits created wind erosion and dust storms leading to mass migration.

Question 25

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 25

Integrated flood control, reforestation, agriculture/industrial developments, big investment in dams.

Question 26

Rural Electrification Administration

Answer 26

(1935) Brake down barriers between urban and rural life with electricity initiative.