Management Final Exam Flashcards

Question

What happens in the Refreezing stage of Lewin's Change Model?

Answer 1

Making new ways normal

Answer 2

1. ) sense of urgency 2. ) guiding coalition 3. ) vision and strategy 4. ) Communicate the vision 5. ) broad-based action 6. ) short-term wins 7. ) Consolidate gains 8. ) Anchor new approaches

Answer 3

1. ) Fear of the unknown 2. ) Personality - Predisposition to change 3. ) Fear of Failure 4. ) WIIFM (Whats in it for me)

Answer 4

Embrace failure. Experiment. Learn. Repeat.

Answer 5

To get optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision

Answer 6

Summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it

Answer 7

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Answer 8

The Civil Rights Act

Answer 9

Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer 10

When employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual advances

Answer 11

What results when unwelcome and demeaning sexually-related behavior creates an intimidating or offensive workplace

Answer 12

The type of interview when the hiring manager asks probing questions in a conversational way to find out what the candidate is like. No fixed set of questions

Answer 13

Structured Interview. The interviewer asks questions exploring what the candidate has actually done in the past

Answer 14

The degree to which a test measures the same thing consistently

Answer 15

All employees within a business are ranked against one another and grades are distributed along some sort of bell curve

Answer 16

1. ) The interview 2. ) The Spend 3. ) The Trial

Answer 17

in-basket exercise, assessment center, leaderless group discussion, and a cognitive ability test

Answer 18

Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization

Answer 19

1. ) (BOTTOM) Economic Responsibility 2. ) Legal Responsibility 3. ) Ethical Responsibility 4. ) (TOP) Philanthropic Responsibility

Answer 20

1. ) Do what is required by global capitalism | 2. ) Be Profitable

Answer 21

1. ) Do what is required by global stakeholders | 2. ) Obey the law

Answer 22

1. ) Do what is expected by global stakeholders | 2. ) Be ethical

Answer 23

1. ) Do what is desired by global stakeholders | 2. ) Be a good global corporate citizen

Answer 24

Laurence Kohlberg

Answer 25

1. ) Preconventional 2. ) Conventional 3. ) Postconventional

Answer 26

People tend to follow rules and obey authority to avoid unpleasant consequences

Answer 27

People are conformist, but not slavish, generally adhering to the expectations of others in their lives

Answer 28

Managers are independent souls who follow their own values and standards, focusing on the needs of their employees and trying to lead by empowering these working for them

Answer 29

A company will become distracted from its task to maximize profits when it practices social responsibility

Answer 30

The notion that companies are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit

Answer 31

Evaluates the impact of a decision based on the intensity of the issue

Answer 32

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior

Answer 33

The payoff, such as money, that a person receives from others for performing a particular task

Answer 34

The satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, that a person receives from performing the particular task itself

Answer 35

Need Based Perspectives

Answer 36

Theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people

Answer 37

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

Answer 38

1. ) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 2. ) Alderfer's ERG Theory 3. ) McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory 4. ) Herzberg's 2-Factor Theory

Answer 39

Proposes that people are motivated by 5 levels of need

Answer 40

1. ) Physiological 2. ) Safety 3. ) Love 4. ) Esteem 5. ) Self-Actualization

Answer 41

Assumes that 3 basic needs influence behavior

Answer 42

1. ) Existence 2. ) Relatedness 3. ) Growth

Answer 43

States that 3 needs are major motives for determining people's behavior in the workplace

Answer 44

1. ) Achievement 2. ) Affiliation 3. ) Power

Answer 45

States that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors.

Answer 46

1. ) Work Satisfaction arises from motivating factors | 2. ) Work Dissatisfaction arises from hygiene factors

Answer 47

Factors associated with job satisfaction that affect the job content or the rewards of work performance. Ex: Achievement, Recognition, and Advancement

Answer 48

Factors associated with job dissatisfaction that affect the job context in which people work. Ex: Salary, Working Conditions, Interpersonal Relationships, Company Policy

Answer 49

Concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act

Answer 50

1. ) Equity Theory 2. ) Expectancy Theory 3. ) Goal-Setting Theory

Answer 51

Focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared to others

Answer 52

1. ) Inputs 2. ) Outputs or Rewards 3. ) Comparison

Answer 53

What do you think you're putting into the job

Answer 54

What do you think you're getting out of the job?

Answer 55

How do you think your ratio of inputs and rewards compares with those of others?

Answer 56

1. ) Employee Perceptions 2. ) Employee Participation 3. ) Having an Appeal Process

Answer 57

Suggests that people are motivated by 2 Things: How much they want something, and how likely they think they are to get it

Answer 58

1. ) Expectancy 2. ) Instrumentality 3. ) Valence

Answer 59

The belief that a particular Level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance

Answer 60

The expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired

Answer 61

The importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward

Answer 62

1. ) Make sure they value the rewards 2. ) Make sure they know what objectives and performance levels you desire 3. ) Make sure rewards are linked to performance 4. ) Make sure employees believe you will deliver the right rewards for the right performance

Answer 63

Suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable

Answer 64

1. ) Set specific goals 2. ) Make goals challenging but achievable 3. ) Link goals to action plans 4. ) Goals don't have to be set jointly to be effective 5. ) Give feedback

Answer 65

The division of an organization's work among its employees and the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance

Answer 66

The process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs

Answer 67

Increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation

Answer 68

Building into a job motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, stimulating work, and advancement

Answer 69

1. ) Skill Variety 2. ) Task Identity 3. ) Task Significance 4. ) Autonomy 5. ) Feedback

Answer 70

How many different skills does your job require?

Answer 71

How many different tasks are required to complete the work?

Answer 72

How many people are affected by your job?

Answer 73

How much discretion does your job give you?

Answer 74

How much do you find out how well you're doing?

Answer 75

1. ) Motivation 2. ) Performance 3. ) Satisfaction

Answer 76

Attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.

Answer 77

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited

Answer 78

1. ) Positive 2. ) Negative 3. ) Extinction 4. ) Punishment

Answer 79

The use of positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior

Answer 80

The process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

Answer 81

The weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it's not reinforced

Answer 82

The process of weakening behavior by presenting something negative or withdrawing something positive

Answer 83

Bases pay on one's results

Answer 84

Employees are paid according to how much output they produce

Answer 85

Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales

Answer 86

Cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives

Answer 87

The distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits

Answer 88

The distribution of savings or "gains" to groups of employees who reduced costs and increased measurable productivity

Answer 89

Certain employees are given the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price

Answer 90

Ties employee pay to the number of job-relevant skills or academic degrees they earn

Answer 91

The activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce.

Answer 92

Get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision

Answer 93

1. ) Establish the Mission and Vision 2. ) Establish the Grand Strategy 3. ) Formulate the strategic plans 4. ) Plan human resources needed 5. ) Recruit and select people 6. ) Orient, train, and develop 7. ) Perform appraisals of people

Answer 94

The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions

Answer 95

Someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information, as opposed to manual labor

Answer 96

The economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships

Answer 97

Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs

Answer 98

Determine, by observation and analysis, the basic elements of a job

Answer 99

Describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully

Answer 100

A report listing your organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important info

Answer 101

Enforces procedures whereby employees may vote to have a union and for collective bargaining

Answer 102

Consists of negotiations between management and employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, and job security

Answer 103

Established minimum living standards for workers engaged in interstate commerce, including provision of a federal minimum wage

Answer 104

Enforce anti-discrimination and other employment-related laws

Answer 105

Occurs when people are hired or promoted - or denied hiring or promotion - for reasons not relevant to the job

Answer 106

Occurs when an organization uses an employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class over another group of people

Answer 107

Results when employees from protected groups are intentionally treated differently

Answer 108

Focuses on achieving equality of opportunity within an oganization

Answer 109

1. ) Quid Pro Quo | 2. ) Hostile Environment

Answer 110

The person to whom the unwanted sexual attention is directed is put in the position of jeopardizing being hired for a job or obtaining job benefits

Answer 111

Doesn't affect hiring or firing but still awkward

Answer 112

1. ) Internal | 2. ) External

Answer 113

Involves asking probing questions to find out what the applicant is like

Answer 114

Involves asking all applicants the same questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers

Answer 115

The interviewer focuses on hypothetical situations

Answer 116

The interviewer explores what applicants have actually done in the past

Answer 117

The degree to which a test measures the same thing consistently

Answer 118

The test measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias

Answer 119

1. ) Assessment 2. ) Objectives 3. ) Selection 4. ) Implementation 5. ) Evaluation

Answer 120

Consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with feedback

Answer 121

The continuous cycle of improving job performance through goal setting, feedback, and coaching, and rewards and positive reinforcement.

Answer 122

1. ) Wages or salaries 2. ) Incentives 3. ) Benefits

Answer 123

Organizations of employees formed to protect and advance their members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues

Answer 124

Not everyone in an organization has to join the union

Answer 125

Veteran employees make more than new employees

Answer 126

Future wage increases must be adjusted to increases in the cost of living

Answer 127

The union agrees to give up previous wage or benefit gains in return for something else

Answer 128

A complaint by an employee that management has violated the terms of the labor-management agreement

Answer 129

The process in which a neutral 3rd party listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, and encourages them to agree on a solution

Answer 130

The process in which a neutral 3rd party listens to both parties in a dispute and makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding on them

Answer 131

Recognizes the need for change

Answer 132

1. ) Hubris Born of Success 2. ) Undisciplined Pursuit of More 3. ) Denial of Risk and Peril 4. ) Grasping for Salvation 5. ) Capitulation to Irrelevance or Death

Answer 133

When new technologies cause great firms to fail

Answer 134

1. ) Reactive | 2. ) Proactive

Answer 135

1. ) Demographic 2. ) Market Changes 3. ) Technological Advancements 4. ) Shareholder & Customer Demands 5. ) Supplier Practices 6. ) Social & Political Pressures

Answer 136

1. ) Employee Problems | 2. ) Managers' Behavior

Answer 137

1. ) People 2. ) Technology 3. ) Structure 4. ) Strategy

Answer 138

1. ) Employee Characteristics 2. ) Change-Agent Characteristics 3. ) Change Agent - Employee Relationship

Answer 139

Reintroduction of a familiar practice

Answer 140

The introduction of a practice that is new to the organization

Answer 141

Introducing a practice that is new to the industry

Answer 142

1. ) Unfreezing 2. ) Changing 3. ) Refreezing

Answer 143

1. ) Diagnosis 2. ) Intervention 3. ) Evaluation 4. ) Feedback

Answer 144

1. ) Innovation Happens in a Eureka Moment | 2. ) Innovation can be Systematized

Answer 145

1. ) Hard work in a specific Direction 2. ) Hard work with direction change 3. ) Curiosity 4. ) Wealth and Money 5. ) Necessity 6. ) Combination of Seeds

Answer 146

1. ) Recognize Problems and Opportunities and Devise Solutions 2. ) Gain allies by communicating your vision 3. ) Overcome employee resistance, and Empower and reward them to achieve progress 4. ) Execute well by effectively managing people, groups, and organization processes and systems in the pursuit of innovation

Answer 147

The people whose interests are affected by an organization's activities

Answer 148

Employees, owners, and the board of directors

Answer 149

People or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it

Answer 150

People who give you daily tasks to handle

Answer 151

1. ) Customers 2. ) Competitors 3. ) Suppliers 4. ) Distributors 5. ) Strategic Allies 6. ) Employee Organizations 7. ) Local Communities 8. ) Financial Institutions 9. ) Government Regulators 10. ) Special-Interest Groups 11. ) Mass Media

Answer 152

1. ) Economic 2. ) Technological 3. ) Sociocultural 4. ) Demographic 5. ) Political-Legal 6. ) International

Answer 153

The standards of right and wrong that influence behavior

Answer 154

Relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's bahavior

Answer 155

1. ) Utilitarian 2. ) Individual 3. ) Moral-Rights 4. ) Justice

Answer 156

What will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 157

What will benefit me and eventually help everyone else

Answer 158

Respecting Rights shared by everyone

Answer 159

Impartial standards of fairness

Answer 160

1. ) Insider Trading | 2. ) Ponzi Scheme

Answer 161

Illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information

Answer 162

Using cash from newer investors to pay off older investors

Answer 163

Established requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and punishments for not doing so

Answer 164

The notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit