Management

Question 1

Manager types

Answer 1

1. Strategic Managers (TOP) - company goal, long-term, interaction between organisation and external
2. Tactical Manager (MIDDLE) - translate goals in specific actions - sorter-term - coordination of resources
3. Operational Manager (FRONT) - involved with employees, implement specific aactivities

Question 2

4 Management functions

Answer 2

1. Planning - objectives
2. Organising - coordination
3. Leading - energising/motivating
4. controlling - performance assessment

Question 3

Historical Thoughts on Management

Answer 3

1. Operational Perspective - one best way; scientific management
2. Behavioural Perspective - Human relations approach; employee involvement; Hawthorne effect
3. Contemporary Approach - no one-best way; adaptation
4. Emergent perspective - addresses fundamental changes; focuses on trends

Question 4

systems Theory (contemporary management approach)

Answer 4

organisation is a system of interrelated parts that function in a holistic way to achieve a common purpose: inputs > transformation process > outputs

Question 5

Contingency Theory (contemporary management approach)

Answer 5

No one best way to manage an organisation -> understand the key contingencies that determine the most effective management practice in a given situation

Question 6

The learning organisation perspective (contemporary management approach)

Answer 6

Management. approach based on an organisation anticipating change faster than its counterparts -> experimental learning

Question 7

Modular Organization (Emergent perspectives and issues)

Answer 7

traditional structures with departments -> non-critical functions are outsources

Question 8

The Intangible Organisation ((Emergent perspectives and issues)

Answer 8

shift from tangible to intangible organisations emphasising innovation and creativity -> More R&D less tangible goods

Question 9

Taylor’s four principles of scientific management (Operational perspective)

Answer 9

1. Study each part of a task and develop the best method to perform it
2. Carefully select workers to perform the task
3. Cooperate fully with the workers
4. Delegate

Question 10

The Hawthorne Effect (The Behavioural Perspective)

Answer 10

More concern for employees -> Increased motivation & Productivity

Question 11

Marslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Behavioural Perspective)

Answer 11

• Human nature is fundamentally good
• Motivation goes beyond pay
  1. Physiological needs (survive)
  2. Safety (security, protection, stability)
  3. Social needs
  4. Esteem (respect, prestige, recognition)
  5. Self-actualization (self-fulfilment, use whole potential)