Leadership and motivation

Question 1

management skills for leadership

Answer 1

• ability to influence
• have a vision
• “sell” the vision
• encourage followers

Question 2

Power of leadership

Answer 2

• coercive power - based on fear
• reward power - leader can give something valuable
• legitimate power - legal/formal authority
• expert power - based on respect
• referent power - satisfaction of identifying with leader

Question 3

leadership styles

Answer 3

autocratic - make decisions alone
democratic - involve employees
laissez faire - no decisions -> dissatisfaction

Question 4

contemporary leadership issues

Answer 4

• charismatic leader - vision, assess needs, self-confidence, role model
• transformational leader - revitalises, employees should question
• transactional leader - legitimate, coercive or reward power
• postheoric leader- decentralised decision making

Question 5

Adelfer’s ERG Theory (Motivation)

Answer 5

• revision of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  1. Existence group -> physiological and safety needs
  2. Relationship group -> social support and recognition
  3. Growth group -> Intrinsic talent development
  -> categories can operate simultaneously
  –> different cultures may prioritise different needs -> ERG is universally valid

Question 6

Goal setting theory (Motivation)

Answer 6

Effective goals are:
- accepted
- challenging and realistic
- specific, quantifiable, measurable

Question 7

Equity theory (Motivation)

Answer 7

• People assess the proportionality of their efforts against their rewards
• unproportionality -> cognitive dissonance, dissatisfaction, prompts individuals to take balance restoring actions