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Women's Health > Mammography > Flashcards

Mammography Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of compression?

A
  • Reduces breast thickness for even tissue distribution
  • Reduces patient motion
  • Prevents tissue overlap
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2
Q

What is the difference between a screening and diagnostic mammo?

A

Screening Mammogram:
- 2 projections of each breast must be
obtained
Diagnostic Mammogram:
- Additional views

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3
Q

What is the machine angulation for MLO view?

A

30-60 degrees

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4
Q

What direction is the breast imaged in MLO?

A

axilla to IMF

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5
Q

What information does MLO provide about a mass?

A

estimation of location superior or inferior to nipple

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6
Q

How is the machine positioned for CC view?

A

beam is perpendicular with floor

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7
Q

Where is the marker placed for CC view?

A

toward axilla

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8
Q

What information does a CC view provide us about a mass?

A

estimation of location medial or lateral to nipple

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9
Q

What is a lateral view?

A

true lateral, beam is parallel with floor, can be ML or LM

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10
Q

What is a lateral view best for imaging?

A

lesions in sup or inf quads

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11
Q

What is spot compression?

A

used to image small regions with greater compression, can be used w or w/o magnification

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12
Q

What is a cleavage view?

A

images medial aspects of both breasts simultaneously

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13
Q

What is a cleavage view best for imaging?

A

masses in most medial or sternal region

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14
Q

What is an axillary tail view?

A

similar to MLO, focused on Tail of Spence

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15
Q

What is a rolled view?

A

displaces mass or nipple

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16
Q

What is an Eklund view?

A

implant displaced

17
Q

Where are medial and lateral located in CC view?

A

From nipple to marker: lateral
From nipple away from marker: medial

18
Q

What aspect of the breast is located higher in MLO view?

A

Since MLO is not a true lateral, medial portion located slightly higher and lateral portion located slightly lower

MULD – Medial Up Lateral Down

19
Q

How much has breast cancer detection increased with the use of CAD?

A

8-15%

20
Q

What are the pros of using CAD?

A
  • Detects small microcalcs
  • Detects small spiculated masses
  • Reliable and consistent
  • Decreased human error
  • Technology is continuing to improve
21
Q

What are the cons of using CAD?

A
  • Should not be used as a diagnostic tool alone
  • Radiologist needs to interpret images first
  • CAD markings need to be reevaluated and imaged again
22
Q

What is tomosynthesis?

A
  • Provides a volume reconstruction of an image by obtaining 2 projections
  • Instead of 2 still images, radiologists can scroll through sliced images of the breast
23
Q

What is a benefit of using tomosynthesis?

A

allows for displacement of obstructing tissue

24
Q

What is MRI best used for in regards to breast imaging?

A
  • Useful in cancer staging and the evaluation of lymph node involvement
  • MRI is the most accurate modality for evaluating augmented breasts and implant rupture
25
Q

What are pros of using MRI?

A
  • Image slices from any plane
  • Landscape image
  • Both breasts simultaneously
  • Sensitive to small lesions
  • Sensitive to malignant lesions with use of contrast
  • Breast implant ruptures
  • Residual cancer after lumpectomy
26
Q

What are cons of using MRI?

A
  • Difficultly distinguishing benign vs malignant
  • Cannot evaluate microcalcs
  • Use of contrast injection
  • Claustrophobia
  • Time-consuming
  • Expensive
27
Q

What is breast imaging in nuclear medicine called?

A

scintimammography

28
Q

What is scintimammography?

A
  • Images the physiologic response to breast disease
  • A radioactive element is injected into the contralateral arm
  • This tracer locates and highlights cancer cells in the breast
29
Q

What is nuc med helpful in diagnosing?

A
  • Disease in patients with dense breasts
  • Palpable abnormalities not well visualized on US/Mammo
  • Multifocal/Multicentric cancer invasion
30
Q

What is BIRADS cat 0?

A

incomplete, needs additional imaging

31
Q

What is BIRADS 1?

A

negative

32
Q

What is BIRADS cat 2?

A

benign

33
Q

What is BIRADS cat 3?

A

probably benign

34
Q

What is BIRADS cat 4?

A

suspicious
4A: low suspicion
4B: moderate suspicion
4C: high suspicion

35
Q

What is BIRADS cat 5?

A

highly suggestive of malignancy

36
Q

What is BIRADS cat 6?

A

known biopsy-proven malignancy

37
Q

What are categories A-D in mammo?

A

A: almost entirely fatty
B: scattered areas of fibroglandular density
C: heterogeneously dense
D: extremely dense

38
Q

What are categories A-C in US?

A

A: homogenous echotexture- fat
B: homogenous echotexture- fibroglandular
C: heterogenous echotexture

39
Q

What are categories A-D in MRI?

A

A: almost entirely fat
B: scattered fibroglandular
C: heterogenous fibroglandular
D: extreme fibroglandular

Women's Health (10 decks)

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