Breast Sono Appearance Flashcards
Where should focus be placed?
within breast tissue, between skin and chest wall
What frequency should be used?
High-frequency – 12MHz-17MHz
When scanning with a single focus where should it be placed for lesion and general scanning?
focal zone set at ROI for lesion & @/below mammary layer for general scanning
Why should a wedge be used?
- Even distribution of breast tissue
- Breast thickness is reduced
What are multicentric masses?
two or more foci of cancer in different quadrants of the same breast
What is multifocal disease?
two or more foci of cancer within the same breast quadrant, within 5 cm of each other
What are regions 1, 2 and 3?
1: near nipple
2: mid-distance from nipple
3: in periphery
What are regions A, B, C?
A: superficial/close to skin
B: mid breast/mammary zone
C: deep/close to chest wall
Why is breast scanned in radial and antiradial?
- Useful because of ductal system
- Allows for demonstration of subtle projections extending to or from nipple
What orientation is radial vs antiradial?
Rad: periphery of breast to nipple (with lobes)
Antiradial: perpendicular to radial plane
What is the difference in compressibility between fatty and cancerous tissue?
fatty: easily compresses
cancerous: little/no compressibility
How thick should a standoff pad be?
Pad thickness should not exceed 1 cm due to transducer elevation plane focus
What is a standoff pad used for?
Imaging superficial structure in “dead zone”
What are 4 types of standoff pads?
- Standoff transducer attachments
- Gel pad
- Water bag
- Large amount of gel
What are useful artifacts?
Shadowing: solid/malignant lesions
Enhancement: cystic/benign lesion
