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Women's Health > Breast Review > Flashcards

Breast Review Flashcards

1
Q

When does female breast tissue begin to develop beyond male breast tissue?

A

puberty

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2
Q

Which technique uses vocal vibrations to differentiate benign and dense breast tissue?

A

vocal fremitus

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3
Q

With the ABC and 123 method, explain what the letter and number tell us about a breast mass.

A

ABC: depth, A closest to nipple, C closest to muscle

123: distance, 1 closest to nipple, 3 furthest from nipple

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4
Q

Name 5 indications for a breast ultrasound.

A

dense breasts, mammo finding, palpable mass, clinical finding, axillary nodes, pain, follow up

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5
Q

What part of the breast has the most breast tissue?

A

UOQ

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6
Q

Which germ layer is the nipple formed from?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

In breast sonography, why are transverse and sagittal scanning planes not utilized?

A

To follow the direction of the lobes in the breast

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8
Q

Name 3 parenchymal elements of the breast.

A

acini, lobules, lobes, ducts

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9
Q

What is it called when there are 2 or more masses less than 5 cm away from each other?

A

multifocal

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10
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of the breast?

A

acini

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11
Q

Why does patient positioning vary between individuals and why is it important to position correctly?

A

dependent on breast size, nipple needs to be centered and breast needs to be flat for consistency in labeling

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12
Q

Contrary to common standards, many malignancies can display which three characteristics?

A

homogenous, hyperechoic, enhancement

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13
Q

Name 3 short term implant complications.

A

pain, tenderness, hematoma, abscess, seroma, loss of nipple sensation

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14
Q

What is the most common implant complication and why is it a necessary process?

A

capsular fibrosis, the body blocks it off as a foreign object which helps with healing and preventing rupture/attacking implant

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15
Q

What kind of artifact will be seen with an extracapsular silicone implant rupture?

A

snowstorm sign

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16
Q

Which location is an implant located in when it is anterior to the muscle and posterior to the breast tissue?

A

subglandular

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17
Q

Which two scanning techniques should be practiced to ensure proper evaluation of mass vascularity?

A

light pressure, power doppler

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18
Q

What are the two types of malignant nipple discharge and what do they each indicate?

A

blood: invasive cancer cells in ducts
clear: proliferation of ductal epithelial cells

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19
Q

Which sonographic artifact occurs with silicone implants?

A

propagation speed, sound travels through silicone slower than soft tissue, posterior structures appear deeper than they actually are

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20
Q

Benign masses are allowed to have an echogenic halo as long as the tumor is not taller than wide.
T or F

A

false

21
Q

Name two ways in which you can differentiate a radial scar and a scar.

A

scar will extend through skin/subcutaneous layer, clinical history

22
Q

Which two benign breast findings should be surgically removed due to their increased likelihood of becoming cancerous?

A

PASH, radial scar

23
Q

Name three clinical findings of acute lactational mastitis?

A

tender, swelling, plugged duct, purulent discharge, skin thickening, erythema, enlarged LNs, leukocytosis, fever

24
Q

When should benign cysts begin to involute?

A

menopause

25
Q

What solid breast mass is an estrogen induced tumor made of epithelial and connective tissues?

A

fibroadenoma

26
Q

Why does a hamartoma appear heterogenous on sonography?

A

mixed components - fibrous, glandular, fatty

27
Q

What is the most important differentiation between a complicated and complex cyst?

A

complex: solid component
complicated: debris/other nonsolid material

28
Q

What is the most common cause of acute mastitis? Name 3 sonographic features you will see with it.

A

lactation
skin thickening, edema, no focal mass, duct dilatation, parenchymal edema

29
Q

_____________ originates in the epithelial cells of acini and does not extend past the basement membrane. It is also a marker for an increased risk of future development of IDC.

A

LCIS

30
Q

Name 3 CLINICAL findings of inflammatory carcinoma.

A

peau d’orange, erythema, skin thickening, nipple retraction, swollen, tender, hard breast, enlarged LNs

31
Q

Name 3 risk factors for breast cancer.

A
  • age
  • family history
  • benign proliferative disease
  • early menarche, late menopause
  • late pregnancy
  • nulliparity
  • radiation exposure
  • estrogen use
  • post meno obesity
32
Q

What is the most common type of noninvasive breast cancer?

A

DCIS

33
Q

Which type of breast cancer can undergo necrosis and has benign characteristics?

A

medullary carcinoma

34
Q

Name the type of breast cancer that will display architectural distortion and will invade the surrounding connective tissue.

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

35
Q

Stage ___ is when there is a mass less then 2 cm with NO lymph node involvement.

A

1

36
Q

_________ is an uncommon form of DCIS that causes tumor cells to spread along a subareolar duct and it affects the nipple or areola.

A

Paget’s disease of the nipple

37
Q

What is the most common hematogenous mets route to a distant site?

A

bone

38
Q

Which type of breast cancer is the malignant counterpart of a fibroadenoma?

A

Phyllode’s tumor

39
Q

Which type of breast cancer has the worst prognosis and accounts for 80% of all breast malignancies?

A

IDC

40
Q

Which type of breast cancer will show a fibrovascular stalk via ultrasound and a cluster of circumscribed masses in one quadrant via mammography.

A

papillary carcinoma

41
Q

Stage _____ is when there is a tumor larger than 5 cm with NO axillary lymph node involvement.

A

2

42
Q

Name 3 benign masses that can mimic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.

A
  • fat necrosis
  • radial scar
  • sclerosing adenosis
  • scar
  • fibrosclerosis
  • fibrous mastopathy
  • granular cell tumor
43
Q

Which type of breast cancer can be pure or mixed and has cells floating in pools of extracellular mucin presenting itself as a mildly compressible palpable mass?

A

colloid mucinous carcinoma

44
Q

Why is the MLO projection the most valuable mammographic view?

A

more breast tissue evaluation

45
Q

How is tomosynthesis mammography different from 2D mammography?

A

Tomo takes multiple xrays in a row giving the appearance of 3D by scrolling through the images stacked on one another. More efficient and diagnostic.

46
Q

Which mammographic diagnostic view uses a smaller paddle to apply more compression to one area of the breast?

A

spot compression

47
Q

When reading a mammogram report you see that the Radiologist documented a BI-RAD: Category 4A. What does this mean?

A

low suspicion for malignancy

48
Q

Why is the Eklund view important?

A

Displace implant to evaluate for breast tissue masses

49
Q

Describe how a spot magnification is performed and why a Radiologist would request it.

A

Spot paddle is used with a mag platform. Breast is brought closer to Xray machine giving the picture a magnification. Used for calcifications seen on mammo.

Women's Health (10 decks)

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