Mammalian tissue structure Flashcards
What is histology
The study of microscopic structure of tissues
What are endothelial cells
Inner surface absorption barrier, e.g. in blood vessels
What are epithelial cells
Outer surface absorption barrier e.g. skin cells
Histogenisis
Differentiation of cells during growth
What is a germ cell
A cell that develops into a reproductive cell
What are the three types of germ layer cells
Mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm
What is the mesoderm
Middle layer of a germ cell that differentiates into connective tissue, bones and muscle tissue
What is the ectoderm
The outer layer of a germ cell that differentiates into nervous tissue and skin cells
What is the endoderm
inner layer of germ cells that differentiate into the lining of the digestive tissue and organs
Which type germ cell differentiates into connective tissue
Mesoderm
Which type germ cell differentiates into Muscular tissue
Mesoderm
Which type germ cell differentiates into Nervous tissue
Ectoderm
Which type germ cell differentiates into Epithelial
Mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm
What are the 4 types of shapes cells come in
Squamous, columnar, cuboidal and transitional
Where are simple squamous cells found
In the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs. Squamous cells are flat so have a small diffusion distance.
Where are simple cuboidal cells found
Kidney tubule
Where are simple columnar found
Small intestines
Where are transitional cells found
In the urinary tract
Where are stratified squamous cells found
oesophagus
Where are keratinised stratified squamous cells found
In the skin
Where are pseudostraified cells found
Trachea and nasal mucosa
Where are transitional cells found
Only in the urinary tract as it stretches to accommodate for increasing fluid.
What is the apical and basement surface of the epithelial cells
The top of the epithelial cell = apical
The bottom of the epithelial cell = basement
What lies on the apical surface
Microvilli and cilia
What are the four epithelial membranes
Serous, mucous, cutaneous and synovial
What is the serous membrane
Epithelia that is found in closed cavities.
What is the pleura
Serous membrane in the lungs
What is the pericardium
Serous membrane lining the heart
What is peritoneum
Serous membrane lining the abdominal organs 5
What is the parietal layer
The outer membrane of the serous membranes that attaches to the body wall around the organ
What is the visceral membrane
The inner membrane of the serous membranes that is attached to the organ itself
What is the mucosa membrane
Epithelia that lines cavities open to the outside which produce mucus. Found in respiratory tract
What is Cutaneous membrane
Epithelia which lines the surface of the body (skin) it is keratinised squamous
What is synovial membrane
Epithelia which lines freely movable joints.
