Hepatic system

Question 1

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 1

Right, left, quadrate and cuadate

Question 2

What is the liver lobule

Answer 2

The most basic unit of a liver

Question 3

What are hepatocytes

Answer 3

A specialised epithelial of the liver. It is used in protein synthesis and protein storage

Question 4

What three components make up the portal triad

Answer 4

Hepatic portal vein, artery and bile duct

Question 5

What is the hepatic portal vein

Answer 5

A blood vessel coming from the digestive tract ( intestines, gallbladder, pancreas) and the spleen.

Question 6

What’s the difference between the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein.

Answer 6

Hepatic portal vein transports blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver and the portal vein transports blood from the liver to the vena cava.

Question 7

What two vessels transport blood to the liver

Answer 7

Hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery

Question 8

What % of blood is supplied to the liver by the hepatic portal vein

Answer 8

75%

Question 9

What % of blood is supplied to the liver by the hepatic artery

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

What is the hepatic artery

Answer 10

A blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood to the liver from the aorta

Question 11

What is the sinusoid

Answer 11

sinusoids are gaps in the lobule replacing the capillaries and veins. Blood enter the sinusoids from the HPV and HA and blood flows to the central vein and they’re lined by endothelium tissue.

Question 12

What are kupffer cells

Answer 12

Phagocytes lining the sinusoids

Question 13

What direction does bile travel in the sinusoids

Answer 13

From the from the central vein to the bile duct

Question 14

What direction does blood travel in the sinusoids

Answer 14

From the HPV and HA to the central vei

Question 15

3 functions of the liver

Answer 15

Breaking down red blood cells, bile production, cholesterol synthesis and store glycogen

Question 16

What is glycogenesis

Answer 16

Production of glycogen from glucose

Question 17

What is gylcogenolysis

Answer 17

Hydrolysis of glycogen to make glucose

Question 18

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 18

Production of glucose from other molecules

Question 19

What are the two different types of gluconeogenesis

Answer 19

Alanine cycle (produced from proteins) and cori cycle (produced from lactate)

Question 20

Where is bile made

Answer 20

In the liver

Question 21

What is bile made from

Answer 21

Cholesterol

Question 22

Why is bile useful in emulsifying lipids

Answer 22

It is amphiphilic (has a polar region and non polar region)

Question 23

Bile function

Answer 23

Used for lipid emulsification during lipid digestion

Question 24

What is the first pass effect

Answer 24

When a molecule absorbed through the GI tract is metabolised by the liver

Question 25

What is phase 1 reaction in metabolism

Answer 25

When the liver converts the substance into a more polar substance and so is can be dissolved in water and excreted

Question 26

what is a phase 3 reaction

Answer 26

When an endogenous substrate is used to make the substance more soluble.

Question 27

Why is a lipophilic drug preferred compared to hydrophilic drug

Answer 27

Lipophilic is non-polar and so can’t dissolve to be urinated out and so isn’t metabolised.