Mammalian part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Steric hindrance

A

Limiting conformation of proteins

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2
Q

Kinase

A

adds phosphate to protein –> active

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3
Q

Phosphatase

A

Removes phosphate from protein –> inactive

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4
Q

Ubiquitin

A

Small molecule that marks cell for degradation

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5
Q

Glycolysis

A

Anaerobic, produces ATP

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6
Q

Oxidative respiration

A

Aerobic (anders verzuring) –> proton gradient

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7
Q

Conversion of proton gradient

A

ADP –> ATP, uses energy from proton gradient, inner membrane mitochondria

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8
Q

Catabolism

A

Degradation of food, aerobic and produces energy

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9
Q

Anabolism

A

Formation of larger molecules (DNA, proteins etc), releases water and needs energy

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10
Q

Histone

A

Markes what needs to be active in DNA, N-terminal tails

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + histones wrapped around it for stucture and formation of chromosome

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12
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Tightly packed DNA

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13
Q

Euchromatin

A

Less compact DNA

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14
Q

Gyrase

A

Unwinds DNA

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15
Q

Helicase

A

Breaks hydrogen bonds, separates strands

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16
Q

SBB

A

Stops re-annealing, keeps bases available

17
Q

DNA primase

A

Makes primer of RNA at origin

18
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

Initiates at 3’ so 5’–>3’

19
Q

Exonuclease

A

removes RNA primer

20
Q

Polymerase 1

A

Fills gaps between okazaki-fragments

21
Q

DNA ligase

A

Seals gaps between okazaki-fragments

22
Q

TBP

A

Recognizes TATA, connected to TF2D

23
Q

TF2B

A

Possitions polymerase at the TATA

24
Q

TF2H

A

Opens DNA, detaches polymerase from factors

25
Instrinct pathway apoptosis
- Internal signal to mitochondria - Cytochromosome C released - Apaf1 activated by Cytocrome C - Caspase 9 activated - Executiones caspase activated
26
G1
Progress or enter G0, growth in size, if restriction point is passed --> replication
27
S phase
DNA replication (and detection damage)
28
G2 phase
Quality control, organelle synthesis, microtubule formation
29
M phase
Mitosis and cytokinesis
30
Prophase
Chromosomes formed and toward middle
31
Metaphase
Chromosomes alligned and microtubules attached
32
Anaphase
Chromatides pulles towards centrioles
33
Telophase
Contractille ring starts to contract to make two different cells
34
Cytokenesis
Separation of all cell components and making two seperate cells
35
Cdks
Cyclin dependent protein kinases, activates or inactivates proteins during cell cycle
36
Cyclins
Activates cyclins when bound, 4 classes (G1, G1/S, S, M)