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CVR Biweekly 3 > Malozzi-Valvular Heart Disease > Flashcards

Malozzi-Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

structure that holds heart valves in position

A

chordae tendinae

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2
Q

3 cusps

A

semilunar valves

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3
Q

2 leaflets

A

mitral valve

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4
Q

3 leaflets

A

tricuspid valve

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5
Q

to diagnose valvular heart disease

A
  1. hx
  2. auscultation
  3. tests
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6
Q

2 most important ways to diagnose valvular heart disease

A

auscultation
echo

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7
Q

this type of murmur grows louder

A

crescendo murmur

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8
Q

this type of murmur grows softer

A

decrescendo murmur

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9
Q

this type of murmur first rises, then falls

A

crescendo-descrescendo murmur

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10
Q

murmur that has same intensity throughout

A

plateau murmur

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11
Q

valvular______leads to pressure overload

A

stenosis

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12
Q

valvular _______ leads to volume overload

A

insufficiency/regurgitation

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13
Q

valvular stenosis can ultimately lead to what

A

concentric hypertrophy/remodeling

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14
Q

valvular insufficiency/regurgitation can ultimately lead to what

A

eccentric hypertrophy

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15
Q

this valve pathology is due to age and congenital (bicuspid valve)

A

aortic stenosis

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16
Q

what does the LV compensation to an obstruction in flow eventually lead to

A

concentric hypertrophy

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17
Q

when LV can no longer compensate, what happens

A

eccentric hypertrophy and heart will fail

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18
Q

3 main sx’s of progressive aortic stenosis

A

syncope
angina
dyspnea

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19
Q

once symptoms develop for aortic stenosis, what is mortality rate

A

ave. survival up to 5 years

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20
Q

how can you decipher severity of aortic stenosis murmur

A

the duration

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21
Q

what is not a factor for severity of aortic stenosis

A

intensity of murmur

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22
Q

more stenosis will eventually lead to _______ sounds

A

quieter

23
Q
A

calcifications on bicuspid aortic valve

24
Q

what do you need to think about with aortic stenosis if patient has symptoms

A

possible valve replacement

25
Q

what do you need to do to classify aortic stenosis in patient with no symptoms

A

look at velocity of blood flow across valve

26
Q

common causes of this include:
structural defects
stretching of aorta
tertiary syphilis
aortic dissection
RHD (underdeveloped countries)

A

aortic regurgitation

27
Q

aortic regurgitation causes what three main things to increase

A

increased volume into LV
increased preload
increased afterload

28
Q

how is aortic regurgitation murmur best heard

A

at LUSB w/ patient leaning forward and listen after they have exhaled

29
Q

what to do if patient is symptomatic for aortic regurg

A

discuss valve replacement

30
Q

what to do if patient is asymptomatic for aortic regurg

A

check LVEF (if dropping means not able to compensate)

31
Q

this phase of mitral regurgitation causes sudden decrease in CO (cardiogenic shock)

A

Acute

32
Q

this phase of mitral regurgitation allows for compensation

A

chronic

33
Q

holosystolic murmur heard at apex of heart

A

mitral regurgitation

34
Q

to diagnose mitral regurgitation

A

CXR
EKG
Echo

35
Q

what will you find on CXR if patient has mitral regurg

A

cardiomegaly
pulmonary edema

36
Q

what will you find on EKG if patient has mitral regurg

A

LA enlargement or Afib

37
Q

what to do if patient has primary Mitral regurg (no symptoms)

A

nothing

38
Q

what to do if patient has mitral regurg w/ symptoms and LV dysfunction

A

discuss valve replacement

39
Q

what to look at for any of these valve pathologies to decide whether to do surgery or not to replace them

A

LVEF

40
Q
A

mitral valve prolapse

41
Q

exaggerated billowing of mitral valve leaflets into atrium during systole

A

mitral valve prolapse

42
Q

mainly seen in young women; people who are tall and slender (Marfan’s)

A

mitral valve prolapse

43
Q

most common cause is RF (uncommon in clinical practice today)

A

mitral valve stenosis

44
Q

diastolic murmur heard best at L lateral decubitus position at apex

A

mitral valve stenosis

45
Q

this valve pathology really doesn’t have symptoms and is very common; heard at LLSB (systolic)

A

tricuspid regurgitation

46
Q

cause of tricuspid regurgitation

A

endocarditis (IV drug use)

47
Q

murmur increases with inspiration

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

48
Q

what to do in the case of severe tricuspid regurgitation

A

surgery; can remove valve

49
Q

2 main determining factors for valve replacement:

A

age
if pt. can take anti-coagulants

50
Q

best type of valve replacement for people under age of 50

A

mechanical (metal); lasts a while

51
Q

best type of valve for older patients

A

bioprosthetic (doesnt last as long)

52
Q

to dx Rheumatic heart disease

A

2 major sx’s
or
1 major and 2 minor sx’s

53
Q

Rx: Rheumatic heart disease

A

bed rest
penicillin
aspirin
surgery

CVR Biweekly 3 (12 decks)

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