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CVR Biweekly 3 > Malozzi- Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Malozzi- Cardiomyopathies Flashcards

1
Q

disease of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

2 main types of cardiomyopathy (clinically)

A

ischemic
nonischemic

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3
Q

most common type of cardiomyopathy

A

ischemic cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

presents w/:
exercise intolerance
dyspnea on exertion
fluid retention
sob when lying down
increased HR

A

cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

most patients with this cardiomyopathy present with acute MI or longstanding coronary atherosclerosis

A

ischemic cardiomyopathy

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6
Q
A

L coronary a. system (w/ stenosis)

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7
Q
A

R coronary a. system (w/ stenosis)

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8
Q

the degree of coronary artery disease has to match degree of cardiac _______ to label it ischemic cardiomyopathy

A

dysfunction

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9
Q

if EF is 20% and LAD occlusion is 30% (not restricting blood flow), yes you have CAD, but it is not what

A

not the cause of cardiac dysfunction

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10
Q

3 main causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

genetic, acquired, mixed

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11
Q

inflammatory process affecting myocardium and weakening pump function

A

myocarditis

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12
Q

patient presents w/ flu-like sx’s and acute HF

A

Myocarditis

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13
Q

most common cause of myocarditis

A

coxsackie B virus

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14
Q

this often leads to thin RV due to dilatation (was told this in lab)

A

myocarditis

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15
Q

pt presents w/ HF over a few days/wks

A

acute myocarditis

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16
Q

pt presents w/ fever, myalgia, upper respiratory sx’s and chest pain and dyspnea

A

acute myocarditis

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17
Q

Rx acute myocarditis

A

supportive (virus)
HF treatment

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18
Q

rapidly progressive form of myocarditis accompanied by ventricular arrhythmias

A

Giant Cell myocarditis

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19
Q

occurs in people <40 yrs
treatment doesn’t help

A

giant cell myocarditis

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20
Q

best thing to do for patient w/ giant cell myocarditis

A

heart transplant

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21
Q

3 main causes of toxic cardiomyopathy

A

long term alcohol use
long term cocaine use
cancer therapy

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22
Q

what can cause tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

A

AFib or PVC’s (any SVT’s); LV dysfunction

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23
Q

to Rx tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

A

get pt. back to sinus rhythm and control HR

24
Q

cardiomyopathy caused by anatomic myocardial abnormality due to arrest of embryogenesis of ventricular myocardium

A

LV non-compaction cardiomyopathy

25
Q

this causes increase in wall thickness and decrease in LV function

A

LV non-compaction cardiomyopathy

26
Q
A

LV non-compaction cardiomyopathy

27
Q

pathologic hallmark of LV non-compaction cardiomyopathy

A

deep trabeculations in LV

28
Q
A

Takotsubo (stress cardiomyopathy)

29
Q
A

Takotsubo (stress cardiomyopathy)

30
Q

most common cause of sudden death in young people/athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

31
Q

presents w/ unexplained LV wall thickness

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

32
Q

caused by mutations in myosin heavy chain (AD)

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

33
Q
A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

34
Q

ventricular septal thickness

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

35
Q
A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

36
Q

ventricular arrhythmias can lead to what 2 things

A

syncope
sudden death

37
Q

left ventricular hypertrophy causes impaired diastolic filling and _____ LVEDP

A

increases LVEDP

38
Q

an increase in LVEDP and mitral regurgitation can cause what symptom

A

dyspnea

39
Q

how does mitral regurgitation and elevated LVEDP cause dyspnea

A

elevated pulmonary venous pressure in lungs

40
Q

dynamic LV outflow obstruction leads to failure to increase CO w/ exertion leading to

A

syncope

41
Q

increased LVEDP and increased wall thickness makes it more difficult to supply what with blood

A

endocardium

42
Q

what increases hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur

A

standing/valsalva

43
Q

what increases aortic stenosis murmur

A

squatting

44
Q

these drugs function to slow everything down, increase diastolic filling and reduce obstruction

A

beta blockers

45
Q

best Rx for LV outflow obstruction (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

A

beta blockers

46
Q

low preload
low afterload
tachycardia
seen in what

A

worsening LVOT obstruction

47
Q

2 main causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

amyloidosis
sarcoidosis

48
Q

what happens in restrictive cardiomyopathy to ventricle (and during diastole)

A

becomes stiff and can’t fill fully during diastole

49
Q

cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy due to deposition of beta pleated sheets made of misfolded proteins deposited into myocardium

A

Amyloidosis

50
Q

what is the paradoxical finding of amyloidosis restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

echo shows LVH
EKG doesn’t show LVH; we see lowww voltage

51
Q
A

restrictive cardiomyopathy: amyloidosis

52
Q

deals with myocardium; increased wall thickness

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

53
Q

deals with external factors; normal wall thickness

A

constrictive pericarditis

54
Q

pregnant patient who suddenly develops HF symptoms (sob, lower extremity edema) with no identifiable cause

A

peripartum cardiomyopathy

55
Q

to Rx peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

HF drugs (NOT ACEIs/ARBs)

56
Q

_______correlates with EF in peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

survival

CVR Biweekly 3 (12 decks)

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